七月英语单词

　　争取这个月不咕。

July 1

Enhance

v. 提高，增进，增强（价值、质量、吸引力等）

例句

But there is also evidence that ghrelin can enhance cognition.

考点

to enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility

Augment

v. 增加，增强，提高（价值、数量、效果等）

例句

And a study published last year concentrating on brief bouts of intense interval（间歇性的） training concluded that some people barely gained endurance with this type of workout(=exercise), while others flourished(=boom), greatly augmenting their fitness.

intense 紧张的

intensive 集中的

Strengthen

v. 加强，增强，巩固；为……提供更有力的理由

考点

to strengthen the link

Heighten

v. （使）加强，增加，提高

Intensify

v.（使）加强，增强，加剧

Design

v. 设计；（为特定目的）计划，设计

n. 设计；设计图，图纸；装饰图案；（头脑中的）计划，意图

考点

be designed to set law apart from politics

派生

designer n. 设计者，构思者 adj. 由著名设计师设计的；名牌的

拓展词组

by design

故意地

名人名言

Throw out that instructional design language and speak like a human being.

Devise

v. 设计，发明，策划，想出

例句

Shea devised the approach along with Jacqueline Jeruss, a breast cancer surgeon.

keep abreast with 并驾齐驱

Intrigue

v. 迷住；激起……的好奇心；密谋策划，施诡计

n. 阴谋，诡计；引人入胜的复杂情节

派生

intriguing adj. 非常有趣的；引人入胜的；神秘的

Maneuver

n. [=manoeuvre]（尤指以欺骗为目的）策略，计谋，花招；细致巧妙的移动

v. （使谨慎或熟练地）移动，运动；操纵，控制；使花招；策划，算计

Contrive

v. （尤指秘密）谋划，策划；（尤指由于突然需要而）造出，想出，发明，设计；成功做到，设法做到

Formulate

v. 制定，规划，构想；确切表达，认真阐述

考点

to formulate and conduct the nation’s foreign policy

Engineer

n. 工程师，设计师；机修工，技师

v. 设计，制造；密谋，策划；改变……的基因（或遗传）结构

派生

engineering n. 工程，工程学

Scheme

n. （造福他人的）计划，方案；体系，体制；阴谋，诡计

v. 密谋，秘密策划

例句

Voucher（代金券） schemes, meanwhile, have been piloted（实验） in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, among other places.

考点

the grand scheme of life

Plot

n. 阴谋， 密谋；（叙述的）情节；小块土地

v. 图谋，密谋；计划

Plot Roller Coaster 情节过山车

Conspire

v. 密谋，共谋，搞阴谋

spir/spri 气 respire 呼吸 inspire 激发

考点

to conspire to hack phones

派生

conspiracy n. 密谋策划，阴谋

Layout

n. 布局；布置；设计；安排

lay down the effective regulations

Format

n. （出版物的）版式；总体安排，布局，设计

July 2

Develop

v. （使）成长，发展，壮大；开发，研制；患（病）；出现（问题）；加强，增强；详尽阐述，阐明

考点

to develop calcium deficiency

派生

development n. 发展，成长，壮大；形成；开发，研制；（事态的）进展

developer n. 开发商；开发者

developed adj. （国家或地区）发达的

developing adj. （国家或地区）发展中的

Evolve

v. （使）逐渐形成，逐步发展，逐渐演变；（动植物）进化

-volve 转 revolve involve

例句

In theory, it is possible that some microbes have evolved the ability to break down plastics.

派生

evolution n. 进化，演变，发展

拓展

Nature can’t evolve a species that hasn’t a will to survive.

Grow

v. （使）生长，长大，长高，成长；扩大，增加，增强；逐渐变得，逐渐成为；提升品质，培养技能

考点

to grow at the same sluggish pace as the retail market

slug 鼻涕虫，动作迟缓 sluggard 懒汉

to grow unfashionable

派生

grown adj. 成年的；成熟的；长大的

growth n. 发展；发育；增长

拓展

to pull up the seedlings to help them grow

拔苗助长

“Easy” never enters into grown-up life.

Thrive

v. 茁壮成长；兴旺，繁荣

例句

The land in dispute contains rare ponds in which the dusky gopher frog can breed, and potentially the kind of uplands in which it could thrive.

Prosper

v. 兴旺，繁荣；蓬勃发展

派生

prosperity n. 兴旺；繁荣；成功；昌盛

prosperous adj. 繁荣的；成功的；兴旺的

拓展

live long and prosper

生生不息，繁荣昌盛

Flourish

v. 繁荣，兴盛；茁壮成长

Bloom

n. 花，花朵；健康的气色

v. 开花，绽放；精神焕发；兴旺，蓬勃发展

例句

In other words, these species weren’t just lying in wait in small numbers, waiting for the chance to bloom again; they had genuinely vanished.

latent adj. 蛰伏的 latency 潜伏

species extinction

Blossom

n. 花朵，花簇

v. 开花；变得更加健康（自信、成功）；繁荣，发展

Boom

n. （经济的）繁荣，兴旺，激增；流行，风靡；隆隆声

v. （商业、贸易或某一地区）迅速发展，繁荣；以低沉有力的声音说；发出隆隆声

例句

That’s a major issue for Apple shares given the company gets a majority of its revenue from the device and has ridden the smartphone boom which is now slowing down.

拓展

a booming economy

迅速发展的经济

Fund

n. 资金；基金；大量的贮存

v. 资助

考点

public funds

to fund cleaner energy sources

派生

funding n. 资金，基金；拨款

拓展短语

in funds

有足够多的钱

Capital

n. 资本，资金；首都，省会；大写字母

adj. 大写的；资本的，资金的；死刑的

cap- 首；catch e.g. captain captive capture

考点

to widen the gap between capital income and labor income

派生

capitalism n. 资本主义

capitalist adj. 资本主义的 n. 资本主义者；资本家

拓展

capitalist society

资本主义社会

socialist society

社会主义社会

Purse

n. （尤指女式）钱包，手袋；资金，财力

拓展

public purse

公共资金，国库，国家收支

Endow

v. （向学校等机构）捐钱，捐赠，资助；给予，赋予

派生

endowment n. 捐款，资助；天赋，才能

be endowed with sth. 天生具有（某种好的特点或品质）

donate

organ donation

bestow v. 赠予

Sponsor

v. 赞助，资助（某事、某人的培训等）；倡议，支持（法案）；提议并组织（商谈）

n. 赞助人；倡导者；发起人；主办方

advocate v./n. 提倡，倡议者 caller

考点

to sponsor the youth coaching scheme（培训计划）

sponsor sb sth

派生

sponsorship n. 资助；赞助款；主办；倡议

Subsidize

v. 资助，补助，补贴

subsidy 补助，津贴

Invest

v. 投资；（把资金）投入；投入（时间、精力）；授予，给予（权力等）

例句

They presume（假设，前提） it best to satisfy that demand with tusks（象牙） harvested from elephants that have died of natural causes and invest the profits in conservation.

ivory tower

派生

investment n. 投资；投资物；（时间、精力的）投入

Finance

n. 资金；财政，金融；财力，财务状况

v. 提供资金

考点

to finance PreCheck enrollment

派生

financial adj. 财政的；金融的；财务的

拓展

financial crisis

金融危机

July 3

Gap

n. 豁口，缺口；（时间上的）间隔；分歧，隔阂，差距；漏洞，空白

考点

to fill the jobs gap

a gap year

a career break

拓展

generation gap

代沟

mind the gap

小心（列车与站台之间的）空隙

Gulf

n. 海湾；裂口，深坑；分歧，鸿沟，隔阂

例句

This gulf between English and the other languages means that non-English articles, when they get written at all, may reach a more limited audience.

拓展

The list is an absolute good, the list is life. All around its margin lies the gulf.

metaphor 隐喻

margin profits 边际利润

Hole

n. 洞，孔，坑；裂口，开口；（计划、法律或报道等的）错误，缺陷，漏洞；空缺

拓展

When you lose somebody, every candle, every prayer is not going to make up for the fact that the only thing that you have left is a hole in your life where that somebody that you cared about used to be.

Produce

v. （用部件或原材料）生产，制造；创作，创造；引起，产生，造成；出示，拿出；监制（影片）

n. 农产品

考点

a hormone that produces pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instinct

to produce a remarkable work of speculative fiction

例句

It is always the simple that produces the marvelous.

派生

product n. 产品；（……的）产物，结果

production n. 生产，制造；产量；（电影、戏剧的）制作；（演出、上映、制作等的）戏剧，电影，广播节目

productive adj. 多产的，高产的；富有成效的

productivity n. 生产力；生产率

Manufacture

v. （在工厂）大量生产，成批制造；编造，捏造

n. 大量制造，批量生产；[+s]工业品

例句

The trial is funded in part by the drug company Merck, which manufactures the hepatitis C drug Zepatier.

hep- 肝

-itis 炎症

larynx 喉 laryngitis 喉炎

appendix 附录 appendicitis 阑尾炎

diabetes 糖尿病

派生

manufacturer n. 生产商，制造商

拓展

It is impossible to manufacture or imitate love.

Fabricate

v. 编造，捏造；制造，生产

Yield

v. 出产（作物），产生（收益等）；屈服，让步；产生，得出（结果、答案或资料）

n. 产量，产出，利润

yield to 屈服

考点

to yield strikingly different circumstances

to yield useful information

Generate

v. 引发（某种情感），造成（某种情况）；产生，创造；产生（能量），发电

例句

Nonetheless, those members generate $200 million in annual revenue for Oscar, about 85% of which is used to pay for care.

考点

to generate additional revenue

派生

generator n. 促使……发生的人（或事物）；发动机

generation n. 一代人；（尤指电、热等的）产生

Cause

n. 原因，起因；理由；（为之奋斗的）原则，目标，事业；诉讼案件

v. 导致，引起（坏事）；使发生

考点

good causes

to cause students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year

to disclose the causes of the plastics crisis

Trigger

n. （枪的）扳机；诱因，起因

v. 引爆，触发；启动，引发，激发（尤指一系列事件）

例句

Understanding more about how water can trigger eruptions（火山爆发） could help geologists better interpret seismic（地震的） activity, perhaps improving predictions.

拓展

trigger warnings

触发警报

Provoke

v. 激怒，挑衅，使恼火；激起，引起（尤指强烈或令人不快的反应或情绪）

vok voc = voice

考点

to provoke justified outrage

派生

provocative adj. （行为、话语等）使人生气的，挑衅的，煽动的，引起争论的

evoke v. 引起，唤起 evocative

Ignite

v. 燃烧，点燃；激起，引发（强烈情绪）

派生

ignition n. （汽车引擎的）点火装置；着火，起火

Contribute

v. 贡献，捐献；有助于，促成，造成（to）；（给报纸、杂志）撰稿，投稿

例句

For example, not getting enough sleep, consuming an unhealthy diet or eating too much sugar can contribute to a poor mood, but who wants to go through that?

派生

contribution n. 贡献，捐款

contributor n. 捐献者；促成因素，原因之一

contributory adj. 促成的；促进的；起作用的

Induce

v. 劝诱，诱导（尤指做似乎不明智的事）；引起，导致

派生

inducement n. 引诱物；诱因，动机

motive incentive

Incur

v. 招致，带来（成本、债务或罚款）；（因自身行为举止）招致，遭受（不愉快的事）

occur occurrence 发生 / concur concurrence 赞同

例句

Cutting, drilling and machining require extra work and thus incur extra cost.

Spark

n. 火化，火星；（尤指骚乱或暴力的）起因，导火线；微量，一点点（of）；生气，活力

v. 引起，导致（尤指骚乱或暴力）；发出火花；激起（兴趣等）

考点

to spark a secret war

名人名言

A mighty flame followeth(=follows with) a tiny spark.

Single

adj. 单个的，唯一的；单身的；单程的

n.一个，单一；单曲（唱片）；[+s]单身者，未婚者

考点

not a single person

拓展

When sorrows come, they come not single spies, but in battalions.

-Why are there rings on Saturn?

-Because God liked it, so he put a ring on it. Saturn was not a single lady.

Sole

adj. 唯一的，仅有的；专有的，独家的

考点

the sole measure of a country’s success

Solitary

adj. 单个的，唯一的；独自的；喜欢独处的

leave alone

isolate 隔离 isolation

alien 外星人 alienate 疏远

拓展

solitary play

（指小孩子）自己玩儿

Account

n. 叙述，描写，报道；账户；客户；账目

v. 视为，认为

例句

Here, Bivins’ writing is at its best: from accounts of the family to media reports and diplomatic（外交的） correspondence with the officials, her attention to detail brings it all to life.

考点

to account for(=take) 80 percent of the agency’s costs

派生

accountant n. 会计师，会计

accountable adj. 负有责任的；可解释的

拓展词组

account for

占（一定数量或比例）；是……的原因；解释，说明

on account of

= due to / for the sake of

由于，因为；为了……的利益

take account of sth. / take sth. into account

考虑到某事/把某事考虑进去

the first-hand account 一手信息

dipl dupl = double duplicate v./n. = copy

Narrative

n. （尤指小说中的）叙述，记叙

Narration

n. （正式）叙述；（电影、戏剧等中的）解说，旁白

=story

narrate v. 叙述

Description

n. 描述，描写，叙述，形容

拓展词组

be beyond/past description

无法形容

July 4

Control

v. 指挥，控制，掌管，支配；限制，限定；操纵，控制（机器或系统等）；抑制，克制（情绪）

n. 管理（权），控制（权），支配（权）；（科学实验的）对照物，对照系统

例句

The results should be interpreted with caution since the study lacked a control group, says Wall, but the findings are promising.

be full of prospects

考点

AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of Control

名人名言

I’m selfish, impatient and a little insecure. I make mistakes, I am out of control and, at times, hard to handle. But if you can’t handle me at my worst, then you sure as hell（肯定，绝对=definitely） don’t deserve me at my best.

Manage

v. 负责，管理（某企业或部门）；掌管；设法做成，努力完成（困难的事）；成功应付（难题）；合理安排（时间、金钱等）；凑合着生活，勉励维持

考点

be incapable of managing your own life

派生

management n. （对公司或组织的）经营，管理；管理层

manager n. 管理者，经理；（歌手、演员等的）经纪人

broker 经纪人

manageable adj. 可管理的；可控制的；可处理的

Run

v. 跑，行驶，快速移动；参加竞选；管理，经营（生意等）；（使机器）运转，开动；流淌，流动；发表，刊登

n. 跑；（尤指短程或定期的）旅程，航程；竞选

考点

to run a nuclear plant

派生

running n. 跑，跑步；管理，操纵 adj. 连续不断的；（水等）流动的

拓展

The Kite Runner

追风筝的人

Manipulate

v. （常指以不正当手段）操控，影响；（熟练地）操作，使用

考点

to manipulate a number of variable

派生

manipulative adj. 操纵的；控制的；善于摆布（他人）的

Suppress

v. （尤指用武力）镇压；抑制，克制（感情）；禁止发表，封锁（消息或言论）

rebel v. 反叛 rebellion n.

bellicose a. 好战的 belligerent a. 好战的

embellish v. 装饰

例句

Franklin D. Roosevelt’s lightheartedness seemed undignified, while the youthful John F. Kennedy often felt compelled to suppress his sense of humor in public.

dignity n. 尊严

pel pul = pull

考点

suppress our desire for success

to suppress innovation rather than reward it

Repress

v. 忍住，克制；抑制（痛苦的情感、回忆等）；（用武力镇压）；约束，禁锢

re = again/back

recession 后退

派生

repression n. 镇压；压抑，控制

Restrain

v. （常指用武力）阻止，制止；克制，控制，忍住（情绪或行为）；限制（增长太多的东西）

str- 弦崩的感觉 a string of

派生

restraint n. 约束力，管制措施；克制，抑制；遏制，限制

Monopoly

n. 垄断；垄断企业；独有，独占，完全控制

mono 单个 monogamy 一夫一妻

poly 多个 polygamy 多配偶

考点

to acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge

派生

monopolize v. 垄断，独占，完全控制

Deal

v. 交易，买卖

n. （尤指生意或政治方面的）协议，交易；待遇

考点

to deal with bureaucratic problems

派生

dealer n. 商人；毒贩

dealing n. （尤指商业上的）往来；交易；买卖

Contract

n. （尤指雇佣、销售或租赁）合同，契约

v. 签订合同；（使）缩小，缩短；（经济、市场等）紧缩

考点

approval of a contract or regulation

派生

contractor n. 立约人；承包商

contraction n. 收缩，缩小；（肌肉）收缩

inflation 膨胀

Pact

n. （国家、个人或团体之间签订的正式）条约，协定，协议

Treaty

n. （国家间的）条约，协定

non-compete agreement 竞业协定

Bargain

n. 便宜货；交易，协议（尤指正式商业合同）

v. 讨价还价

考点

be reluctant(=unwilling) to buy all those supposed bargains

Transaction

n. 交易，业务；（业务等的）办理，执行

考点

online transactions

Auction

n. 拍卖，拍卖会

v. 拍卖

bidding 示意，出价

bid farewell to bygones 告别过去

July 5

Figure

n. （尤指官方公布的）数据；数字；金额；人影，身影；（女性的）体形，身材；（重要）人物；人物形象

v. （以重要地位）出现；（经过考虑后）认为，认定；计算

考点

to figure out the details

a respected public figure

派生

figurative adj. 比喻的；（艺术风格）写实的，形象的

concrete / bodily 具体的

abstract a./n. 抽象的

ab- = off

Statistic

n. [+s]统计数字（或资料）；统计学

考点

the application of statistics

派生

statistical adj. 统计的；统计学的

Digit

n. （0-9的任一）数字，数位

派生

digital adj. 数字的，数码的；（钟表等）数字显示的

考点

digital maps

Profile

n. （尤指人头部的）侧画像，侧影；（某地方的）概况，人物简介；外形，轮廓

v. 概述；写（尤指公众人物的）传略；显出……的轮廓

例句

He invented psychometric profiling using Facebook data, which felies upon information in a person’s profile to model their personality.

-meter 测量 thermometer 温度计 barometer 气压计

Continue

v. （使）继续；延续，持续；留任，维持原状

考点

to continue to decline

拓展

to be continued

未完待续

派生

continuous adj. 持续的，不间断的，连续的

continual adj. 持续的，不间断的；多次重复的，频繁的

continuance n. 持续；连续；继续

Progress

n. 进步，进展；（向某地的）缓慢行进，稳步前进

v. 进步，进展；（使）（工作或计划）继续，进展；（时间）逐渐过去；（活动）继续

gress cess = go

例句

“As the year progressed, consumer sentiment began to change and people were looking beyond the politics,” he said.

sentimental adj. 多愁善感的

考点

to keep track of your progress

派生

progressive adj. （尤指在政治和教育方面）进步的，先进的；逐步的；（税制）累进的 n. 进步人士；革新派人士

Proceed

v. （尤指到达某一点后）继续进行，继续做；（行动）已开始，继续；（向某一方向）前进，移动；<律>起诉

n. [the proceeds]（某事件或活动带来的）收入

proceed with 推进

例句

Governments levy progressive income taxes as well as (rather less progressive) sales or value-added taxes, and they use the proceeds to provide public goods and to finance a safety-net for those with low resources.

levy a war upon …

levy heavy taxes on …

考点

to proceed to London

派生

proceeding n. [+s]诉讼；[the proceedings]（一连串）发生的事

Process

n. （为达到某目标的）过程，进程；（自然）变化过程；制作法，工序，工艺流程

v. 加工（食品或其他物质）；处理（文件、请求等）；列队行进

考点

be included in the decision-making process

to process their background checks

派生

processor n. （计算机的）处理器

procession n. （人或车辆的）队伍，行列；一排，一串

Procedure

n. （尤指正确的或通常的做事）程序，步骤，手续；治疗，手术

考点

slow granting procedures

take sth. for granted

procedures for selecting male and female jurors

拓展

surgical procedure

外科手术

Course

n. 过程，进程；（船或飞机的）航向；课程；疗程；行动方针

考点

fashion-related courses

to change the life course

名人名言

The course of true love never did run smooth.

Trade

n. 贸易，交易；营业额，交易量；行业；（尤指需要特殊手工技巧的）行当，手艺

v. 做买卖，做生意；互相交换

例句

In one study of software developers, Waber, working alongside researchers from IBM, found that workers in the same office traded an average of 38 communications about each potential trouble spot they confronted, versus roughly eight communications between workers in different locations.

Commerce

n. 商业；贸易

派生

commercial adj.商业的；贸易的 n. 商业广告

Business

n. 商业，买卖，生意，业务；企业，公司；行业；营业额，贸易额

考点

farsighted businesses

Industry

n. 工业；（某一）行业；勤奋，勤劳

派生

industrial adj. 工业的，工业发达的

industrialize v. （使）工业化

industrious adj. 勤劳的，勤奋的

拓展

heavy industry

重工业

light industry

轻工业

service industry

服务业

Exchange

n. 交换，互换；交谈；交流访问；（货币的）兑换；交易系统，交易所

v. 交换，互换；兑换；（与某人）交谈（或对视等）

考点

a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange

名人名言

If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple.But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.

July 6

Apply

v. （尤指书面）申请；（对……）适用，有效；应用，使用，运用

例句

We can apply this principle to increase satisfaction at work by selecting work that is inherently gratifying（内在地使人愉悦）.

satisfy 令人满足 be grateful of

gratitude

考点

to apply for university

派生

application n. 申请；申请书；应用；[简写app]应用软件

applicant n. 申请人

Utilize

v. 利用（可获得的某物达到某一目的）

派生

utilization n. 利用，使用

utilitarian adj. 功利主义的

拓展

take advantage of 利用

make use of 利用

Exploit

v. 充分利用（资源）；压榨，剥削；（卑劣或不公平地）利用；开发利用

n. 英勇行为；功绩

squeeze 压榨 queen 有高高在上的含义

conquer 征服

merits 功绩 meritocracy = elitism 精英主义

考点

to exploit many alternative forms of media

派生

exploitation n. 利用；压榨，剥削；充分运用；开发

exploration 探索

Harness

v. （尤指为产生能量）控制，利用（自然力等）；给（马）套上挽具

har- = horse

Adopt

v. 采用，采纳（尤指主义、方法、行动）；收养，领养；正式通过，批准（尤以投票方式）

派生

adoption n. 采用，采取；收养，领养；（候选人的）提名

nominate v. 提名 nom- 词根name

adoptive adj. 收养的；有收养关系的

Exert

v. 施加（影响、压力）；发挥，运用（权力等）

例句

Popularized by Hollywood, the story of the Titanic continues to exert a hold on popular culture.

population 人口 populous 人数众多的

popularity 流行

考点

to exert enormous influence

enormous = vast = tremendous

拓展

exert yourself

用力；尽力；努力

apply yourself

Resort

v. 诉诸，采取（不好的事物）（to）= turn to

n. 度假胜地；诉诸，采取

appeal to = attract

appealing = compelling = persuasive有趣的，有吸引力的

scenic spot 景点 historic site

例句

Many people mistakenly resort to alcohol as a sleep aid.

take a first aid 急救

拓展

as a last resort / in the last resort

作为最后一招，在万不得已的时候

a desperate call 孤注一掷

a close call 千钧一发

Character

n. （某人的）性格，个性；特点，特色；（故事中的）人物；人格，品性；声誉，声望；文字

考点

to look to intangible qualities（无形的特质） like character and intellect

派生

charactereristic n. （物或人的）特色，特征 adj. 特有的，典型的

characterize v. 是……的特征；描绘……的特性；（人、地方或事物）以……为特征，以……为典型

be characterized by 被描述为

考点

the characteristics of the agricultural workforce（劳动力）

be forced to / be compelled to

Personality

n. 个性，性格；个性鲜明的人；（招人喜爱的）品质，个性；（地方或事物的）特色；名人

拓展

personality disorder

人格障碍

split personality

分裂人格

Disposition

n. 性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，布置；处置，处理（of）

at your disposal

Attribute

v. 把……归因于；把……归咎于；认为……具有某种特质

n. 特性，特质，属性

Attribute / owe / ascribe A to B

考点

to attribute the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin

Trait

n. （尤指人的）特征，特点

tra- 跟踪，追踪，轨迹

track trail trace

Feature

n. 特征，特色；（报刊的）特写，专题；面貌（的一部分），容貌；地貌

v. 以……为特色，是……的特征；重点介绍；（影片）由……主演

be characterized by

be featured as

例句

Westworld features a cast of androids learning how to rebel against their human masters.

Identity

n. 身份，本体；（区别人或群体的）个性，特性；（两件事物的）相同，一致

拓展

identity card

身份证

Quality

n. 质量，品质；素质，品性；（区别于其他事物的）特征，性质

派生

qualitative adj. 质量上的；品质的；性质的

quantity quantitative

Compare

v. 比较，对比；把……比作；比得上

派生

comparative adj. 相对的，比较而言的

comparable adj. （在大小、数量、质量等方面）类似的，可比的

comparison n. 比较，对照；比拟，类比；相似

拓展

Shall I Compare Thee(=you) to a Summer’s Day

Contrast

v. （使）形成对照，形成对比，有明显差异

n. 对比，对照；（明显的）差异（尤指反差）

例句

By contrast, someone with maladaptive（非适应性的） perfectionism has the same high standards or performance expectations “combined with an extremely high level of self-criticism, difficulty adjusting when the situation needs the person to adjust, and probably a fundamental core sense of inadequacy（不充分） even when things turn out well,” he adds.

in contrast to

mal- mis- ↓ malice n. 恶意 be malicious to

adequacy 充分

考点

in contrast to France’s actions

Balance

v. 使平衡；（使）（重要性、数量、价值或影响）均衡，相抵，相等；均衡，斟酌，比较（against）；（使）收支相等

n. 平衡；均衡，均势；账户余额

考点

strike(=reach/attain) a balance among different plants

to balance your diet

gender balance

offset 抵消

Weigh

v. 重量是……；称重量；认真考虑，比较权衡；（对观点或决定）有影响，很重要

weigh (heavily) for = be responsible for

考点

be weighed down by the past

派生

weight n. 重量，分量；体重；重任，重担；重要性 v. 加重量于；认为……重要，重视

July 7

Complete

adj. 完全的，彻底的；完整的，全部的

v. 结束，完成（尤指经历长时间之后）；使齐全，使完整；填写（表格）

考点

to complete these tasks

派生

completion n. 完成；结束；完工

拓展

complete with sth.

装备有某物；具有某特点

complete myself with integrity

Absolute

adj. 完全的，彻底的；绝对的；不容置疑的；独裁的

n. 绝对法则（或原则）

考点

to make absolute sense

拓展

That’s absolute rubbish

那完全是一派胡言

Thorough

adj. 全面的，彻底的，详尽的；仔细的，缜密的；完全的，十足的

Entire

adj. 全部的；整个的

名人名言

No man is an island. entire of itself;
every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main;

if a clod be washed away by the sea,
Europe is the less,
as well as if a promontory were,
as well as any manor of thy(=your) friends or of thine(=yours) own were;

any man’s death diminishes me,
because I am involved in mankind.
And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls;
it tolls for thee.

Accomplish

v. （尤指通过努力）完成，达到，实现

考点

the history of what man has accomplished

weaken our sense of accomplishment

派生

accomplishment n. 成就，造诣；完成，实现

Achieve

v. （凭长期努力）达到（某目标、地位、标准）；完成

考点

to achieve something important

派生

achiever n. （意志坚定、工作勤奋的）成功人士

achievement n. 成就，功绩；完成，实现

拓展

The only way to achieve the impossible is to believe it is possible.

Fulfill

v. [英式拼写fulfil]实现（希望、愿望、目标等）；完成（任务、角色）；到达（要求）；履行，执行；满足，使满意

考点

to fulfill the requirement of a given course

派生

fulfillment n. 实现；履行；成就；满足

fulfilled adj. 满意的；满足的

fulfilling adj. （因能让人充分发挥才能或特点而）令人满意的

Economy

n. 经济，经济体制，经济体；节约，节俭；节约措施，省钱办法

adj. 经济的，便宜的；经济装的

考点

as the economy picks up …

major economies

派生

economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；产生经济效益的，可赚钱的

economical adj. 经济的，节约的

economics n. 经济学；经济情况

economist n. 经济学家

Thrift

n. 节省，节约

派生

thrifty adj. 节俭的

frugal a. 节俭的，朴素的 frugality n.

Exist

v. 存在；持续存在；实际上有；（尤指在逆境中）生存，生活

例句

More researchers came forward to argue that these null results had always existed—but had been suppressed by a field that was focused on the existence of a link between violent behavior and violent games.

派生

existence n. 存在；（尤指在逆境中的）生活方式，生活

existent adj. 现有的，现存的

existing adj. 现存的，现行的

经典歌曲

How many years can a mountain exist

Before it is washed to the sea

How many years can some people exist

Before they’re allowed to be free

Remain

v. 继续，依然；继续存在；停留；剩下，留待

n. [+s]残留物，残骸，遗迹

考点

to locate buried remains

派生

remainder n. 剩余部分，剩余物；<数>余数

Stay

v. 停留，留下；保持原状，维持；暂住，留宿

n. 停留时间

考点

to stay put

= be stagnant

Linger

v. 继续存留（较惯常或理想的时间长）；（尤因不想离开而）逗留，流连；盯着（某物）；拖延（某事）

例句

McDonald’s has free Wi-Fi but it’s noisy, you have to buy food and you can’t linger there forever.

haunt （鬼魂）出没，萦绕

Last

adj. 最近的；最后的，最终的

adv. 上次；最近一次

v. （使）持续；（使）继续存在，（使）保持良好状态；足够（某人）使用（或维持）

考点

to last forever

Survive

v. （经历事故、战争或疾病后）活下来，幸存；（靠很少的钱）继续维持生活；挺下来，熬过；比（某人）长寿

拓展

Dying to Survive

向死而生、《我不是药神》

Select

v. （经过认真思考后）选择，挑选，选拔

adj. 精选的；第一流的；只为富人、上层人士而设的

se = see

ob/of/op = 对面对立 observe 观察 obsess 困扰，着迷

考点

to select his future career path from a list of occupations

派生

selection n. 选择，挑选；挑选出来的东西；可供挑选的东西

selective adj. 有选择的，选择性的，择优的

Choose

v. 挑选；选择；情愿，宁愿（to）

派生

choice n. 选择；选择范围；被选中的人（或东西）adj. （食物）上等的，精选的

Opt

v. 选择，挑选（for/to do）

派生

option n. 可选择的事物；选择，选择权；选修课；选项

optional adj. 可选择的，非强制的

Elite

n. （社会）精英；上层人士

adj. 出类拔萃的，最优秀的

考点

elite athletes

Base

n. 底部，根基；（思想的）基础，根据；总部，大本营；基地

v. 把基地设于，以……为基地

考点

to evaluate a case based on its merits

派生

basis adj. 基本的，基础的，根本的；最简单的，初级的

basics n. [复]基础，基本原则；基本设施，基本需要

baseline

basically adv. 基本上；从根本上来说

basement n. 地下室

Bottom

n. 底部，基部；末尾；最低职位；最底层；低谷；尽头

adj. 底部的；最不重要的，最末的，最差的

v. （船）到达海底

例句

The bottom line: Family caregivers are critical to helping older Americans remain in their homes and communities, but caregiving is not without its challenges.

考点

at bottom

Underneath

prep. 在……底下；在……下面

adv. （人）本质上

n. [the underneath]下面，底部

拓展

Underneath the Tree

Basis

n. 基础，根据；（活动或过程进行的）原则，方式

Foundation

n. 基础，基本原理；基金会；建立，创办

拓展

lay the basis/foundations for sth.

为……打基础；开创

Headquarters

n. 总部，总公司；（军队的）司令部，大本营

Challenge

n. 挑战；（对某人或某事的正确性、合法性等的）质疑

v. 质疑（某事物的正确性、合法性等）；向……挑战

考点

to challenge the constitutionality（合宪性） of …

派生

challenging adj. 富于挑战性的；困难而有趣的

Dare

v. 胆敢，敢于（做危险的或害怕做的事情）；向……挑战

n. （尤指证明勇气的）挑战

Defy

v. 违抗（法律或规则）；拒不服从（有权威者）；向……挑战，惹

派生

defiance n. 违抗，拒绝服从

in defiance of 公开挑战

Struggle

v. 奋斗，努力；争斗；（尤指为逃脱而与他人）搏斗；艰难行进；挣扎

n. （为争取自由、政治权利等而进行的）斗争，奋斗；（长期艰苦的）奋斗，努力；搏斗；费力的事

考点

the history of class struggles

拓展

struggle on

挣扎着坚持下去

Strive

v. 努力，奋斗，斗争（for/after）;斗争，反抗（against）

考点

to strive for happiness

Endeavor

n. 努力，尝试；事业，活动

v. 努力，尽力

例句

Though the study clearly showed that highly reactive people as a group performed better in carrying out executive function tasks, that doesn’t mean that anyone, whether he or she is high-reactive or low-reactive, should endeavor to experience bad moods more often, McAuley says.

考点

collaborative endeavors

Fight

v. 打架；作战；努力争取，（为……）斗争（for）;与……作斗争（against）；参加（选举），激烈争夺（职位等）；争吵，争论

n. 争吵，打架；斗争 ；斗志

考点

to fight off infection

Labor

n. 劳动；工人，劳动力；（英国）工党

v. 辛勤工作，苦干，努力

考点

to put in hours of physical or mental labor

拓展

labor force

劳动力=workforce

labor market

劳动力市场

laborious 艰苦的

Toil

v. 长时间地苦干，辛苦劳作；费劲地行走，跋涉

n. 长时间地辛苦劳作

拓展

toil and moil

= work hard

Slave

n. 奴隶

v. 拼命干，苦干

拓展

12 Years a Slave

《为奴十二年》

Effort

n. 努力；（为某一共同目的进行的）努力；力气，精力；费力的事；有组织的活动

考点

prevent us from making further efforts

in an effort to satisfy curiosity

be curious of

Attempt

n. 努力，尝试，企图（尤指困难的事情）

v. 试图，尝试，企图

例句

When attempting to convey a message, a robot must estimate its interlocutor’s intentions and what his response is likely to be.

考点

an ambitious attempt

aspiration 抱负

initial / original aspiration 初心

Bid

n. （为争取某物而做的）努力，尝试；投标，出价

v. 努力争取（for）；投标，出价

考点

to call out bids

July 8

Force

n. 力，力量；武力，暴力；部队；军事行动；自然力；（为某目的组织起来的）一群人；有影响力的事物（或人）；权力，效力；[+s]军队

v. 强迫，迫使；用力移动，强行打开；强作（笑颜）

考点

to have forced him to eat his words

to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases

派生

forceful adj. （人）强有力的；（论据、理由等）有力的，有说服力的；有影响力的；强迫的，使用武力的

拓展

keep calm and may the force be with you.

Might

n. 力量；威力；能力

aux. 可能，可以；（表示可能性）可能，也许；应该，本该

派生

mighty adj. 强大的；巨大的；伟大的

mayor 市长

拓展

might (just) as well

还是……为好；倒不如

almighty

全能的

the Almighty

全能者（指上帝）

Strength

n. 体力，力气，力量；（政治、军事或经济上的）实力；毅力，意志力；强烈程度；强度，力度；优点，长处，强项

派生

strengthen v. （使）变强，加强；使更坚固；增强，改善

Muscle

n. 肌肉；体力，力气；实力，影响力

考点

to strain muscles to build them

body-building 健身

派生

muscular adj. 肌肉的；肌肉发达的，强壮的

Enforce

v. 强行实施，强制执行（法规等）；强迫，迫使

考点

to enforce federal immigration law

Compel

v. 强迫，迫使，使必须

pel- = pul 拉

考点

to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women

派生

compelling adj. （理由、论点等）很有说服力的；引人入胜的，扣人心弦的

persuasive intriguing appealing

Impel

v. 促使，驱使；推进，推动

impulse 冲动

考点

to have impelled the change

Propel

v. 推进，推动；驱动；驱使，迫使

考点

to spend less energy propelling themselves

propeller 螺旋桨

Impose

v. 强制推行，强制实行；把（尤指信仰或生活方式）强加于，迫使

pose = put

例句

Some cities have imposed tight caps on the numbers of bikes or scooters allowed, at least during the initial, legal rollout.

salary cap 工资帽

考点

to impose “fat taxes” on unhealthy food

Oblige

v. （因法律、义务等）迫使，强迫；（根据要求或需要）帮忙，效劳

考点

to not oblige anyone to stop tracking

派生

obligatory adj. （因法律、规定等）必须履行的，有义务的；强制性的

obligation n. （道义或法律上的）义务，职责，责任

I am much obliged to you because … 我非常感激因为…

Limit

n. 限制，限度，极限；限量，限额；（区域的）界限，范围

v. 限制，限定

考点

to set strict limits on advertising

派生

limitation n. 限制，限定；[常用复数]局限性，不足之处

limited adj. 有限的；（公司）有限责任的

Restrict

v. 限制，控制（大小、数量或范围）；限制，束缚，妨碍（行动或活动）

考点

to restrict advertising of products high in fat

派生

restriction n. 限制，约束，规定；制约因素

restrictive adj. 限制性的；约束性的

Confine

v. 把……局限于，把……限制于；（常指强制）关押，监禁，禁闭；使离不开（尤因生病）

派生

confinement n. 监禁，禁闭

Curb

v./n. 控制；限制，约束；抑制

考点

the use of privacy law to curb the tech giants

Attempts have been made to curb this tendency

Constrain

v. 限制，约束，束缚；阻止，妨碍

=restrain 限制别人

refrain vi. 克制 refrain from doing

派生

constraint n. 限制，约束，束缚

Bound

adj. 肯定会的，很有可能的；受束缚的，受约束的；（法律或道德上）有义务的；准备前往……的， 开往……的

n. 跳跃，跳；[]界限，限度，极限

v. 跳跃着前进；形成……的边界

bind v. 绑 →bound→bound

be bound to do … = must do

be bound for 准备前往

例句

“It was bound to （很有可能，肯定会） happen,” said Rob Cain, a Los Angeles-based film producer and consultant to Hollywood studios.

考点

the first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory

派生

boundary n. 分界线，边界；限度，界限，极限

Border

n. 国界；边界；边境地区

v. （国家或地区）与……接壤，与……毗邻

考点

control of citizenship and the borders

Confines

n. [复]范围；界限；边界

考点

the traditional confines of the studio and gallery

July 9

Link

n. 联系，关联；关系，纽带；（超文本）链接

v. 有联系，有关联；使联系，使相关联；把……连接起来；说明……和……有联系

例句

There is currently no evidence in the literature which anyone can confidently use to causally link violent video game play and school shootings.

考点

to link phone numbers to Facebook identities

派生

linkage n. 联系，关联；连接，接合

Bond

n. 纽带，联系，关系；公债，债券；契约，合约；结合，黏合；[+s]枷锁，桎梏

v. 建立紧密联系，团结；（尤指用胶水）（使）黏合，结合

派生

bondage n. 束缚，限制；奴役

拓展

Government Bonds

国债

affectional bond

情感关系

outlook of value 价值观

Tie

v. （用线、绳）系，扎，捆；（在比赛或竞赛中双方）得分相同，打成平局；连接，联合，使紧密联系；束缚，约束，限制

n. 领带；不分胜负，平局；[常用复数]纽带，关系，联系

例句

Apple remains largely an iPhone company with stock performance remaining tied to iPhone shipments.

考点

to strengthen community ties

Relate

v. 相联系，有关联；使有联系，把……联系起来；产生共鸣，认同；叙述，讲述

考点

to figure out how you relate to your work

派生

relation n. （事物之间的）关联；亲戚，亲属；[+s]（人际或团体之间的）关系，联系，交往

relative 亲属 词根 kin = 亲戚，亲属 kinship kindred

relationship n. 关系，联系，交往；恋爱关系；亲属关系

Connect

v. （使）连接，相连；把……联系起来，由……联想到；与……建立良好关系，（融洽地）相处；为……接通（电话）；（运输工具）联运，衔接

考点

to prompt humans to connect with one another

impromptu 即兴的

派生

connection n. （与某人或某事的）联系，关联；连接，接通；连接物；[+s]（能够提供帮助的）人际关系，人脉；[+s]（较远的）亲戚

connectivity n. （电脑、程序、设备、系统等）连接性能

Associate

v. 联系，联想；把……联系在一起

n. 朋友；同事；（生意）伙伴

adj. 副的，准的；非正式的

例句

What is more, other studies suggest returns from fossil-fuel-derived energy have fallen, and will decline further as they incur increased costs associated with pollution and climate change.

be derived from

考点

an associate professor

to get associate to do so for them in return for similar favours

派生

association n. 协会，社团；（与某个人、机构、组织等的）关系，关联，交往；（两个事件、想法、局面之间的）联系；联想

Affiliate

v. 使并入，使隶属（较大的团体或组织）；使紧密联系

n. 附属机构，分支机构；分会

派生

affiliation n. 联系，从属关系，隶属关系

tac 连在一起

attach touch contact

Correlate

v. （使）相互关联，相关

考点

be correlated with the happiness of the area

Position

n. 位置，方位，地点；处境，状况；地位，身份，等级；职位，职务；安置方式，姿势；（尤指政府、政党、当权者的）态度，立场

v. 安放，放置；使驻扎

考点

to take positions in court cases opposing the practice

Location

n. 地点，位置；（电影的）外景拍摄地；定位

Site

n. （建筑物的）地点，位置；建筑工地；（某事发生的）地点，现场；[=website]网站

考点

archaeological sites

拓展

on site

在现场

on the scene

on the spot

Setting

n. 位置，环境；（小说、电影、戏剧等的）情节背景；（机器的）调控装置

personal setting

例句

A follow-up study brought 225 mothers and their approximately 6-year-old children into a familiar setting and videotaped their interactions as each parent and child were given foods to try.

zz 头晕的

dizzy dazzle paparazzi

考点

to stick with default settings

Posture

n. （坐或立的）姿态，姿势；态度，立场

例句

They change body colour and posture not just to blend(=mix) in and avoid predation, but also to communicate.

mixed-blood=the blended

predator 食肉动物 depredation 掠夺

Stance

n. （公开表明的）观点，立场，看法；站姿

Attitude

n. 态度，看法，心态

You attitude, not your aptitude, determines your altitude.

Angle

n. 角，角度；视角；（看待问题或形势的）角度，立场

gle/gon角 pentagon 五角 agony n. 苦恼

Pose

v. 造成，引起，产生（问题、困难等）；提出；（为照相或画像而）（使）摆好姿势；提出问题；假装，冒充；装腔作势

n. （尤指为照相或画像而摆的）姿势；装腔作势

考点

to pose a threat to all its peers

对其所有同行构成威胁

peer at 盯着看

peer pressure 同辈压力

Post

n. （尤指大型机构内重要的）职位，职务；邮政，邮递；邮件；岗位，（尤指士兵的）哨所；柱，桩，杆；网站上公布的信息，帖子

v. 邮寄；张贴，公布；派驻，使驻守；（在网站上）发布（信息）

prefix. [post-]后，以后

post station

repost 转发

考点

to take that post at a major financial institution

to have access to post-high school education

July 10

Present

adj. 现在的，目前的；出席的，在场的；存在的

n. 目前，现在；礼物，赠品

v. （在正式场合等）颁发，授予，赠送；使发生（存在），引起，造成；描述，展现；提出，提交（观点、计划等）；出示；上演（广播或电视节目）；主持；（正式地）介绍，引见

present-presence

absent-absence

mind-absent a. 心不在焉

例句

Dragon relies on another SpaceX vessel, the Falcon 9 rocket, to get into orbit—but the Falcons have presented the company with some serious technical difficulties so far.

考点

the way you present yourself

派生

presence n. 出席，到场；存在，出现

presentation n. 颁发，授予；（新产品的）介绍；（观点的）陈述，说明；出示；展现，呈现；（戏剧的）演出

presently adv. 目前，此刻；不久，马上

扩展

Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift. That is why it’s called the present.

Current

adj. 现时的，当前的；现行的

n. 水流，气流，电流；思潮，潮流

派生

currency n. 通货，货币；通用，流行，流通

Hard/Strong Currency 硬通货

Contemporary

adj. 当代的，现代的；同时期的，同时代的

n. 同时代的人；同龄人，同辈

contemporary literature

考点

sales of contemporary art

Modern

adj. 近代的，现代的；现代化的，新式的；新潮的，时髦的

派生

modernize v. 使现代化

-ize 使……化 globalize standardize customize

modernization n. 现代化；现代化的事物

Grant

n. （尤指政府发的）拨款，补助金

v. （通常指官方）同意，给予，准予，授予；（常指在表达相反的意见之前表示让步）承认，同意

考点

federal research grants

拓展词组

take … for granted

认为……是理所当然呃；对……不予重视

Confer

v. （常指为达成行动决议而）商讨，商议，协商；授予（称号、荣誉等）

派生

conference n. （尤指大型、正式的）会议；（几个人的）讨论会，商讨会

拓展

discuss

v. 商讨，谈论，讨论

Accord

n. （正式的）协议，条约；一致，符合

v. 给予，赠予，授予（权力、地位、某种待遇）；（与……）一致，符合

派生

accordingly adv. 因此，所以；照着，相应地

accordance n. [in accordance with]按照，依据

拓展词组

in accord with

与……一致（或相符合）

Submit

v. 提交，递呈（文件、建议等）；（尤指无可选择时）顺从，屈服，不得已接受；认为，主张

mit = send emit

trans- = across transmit

考点

to submit short sketches to obscure magazines

sketch 草图draft ；随笔

派生

submission n. 顺从，屈服，不得已接受；提交（物），呈递；看法，意见

Introduce

v. 介绍，引见；引进，推行；使初次了解，使尝试；主持（节目），介绍（讲演者或演员）；引进（动物或植物），传入（疾病）；使（新事物）开始，创始

例句

The Alaska Permanent Fund, which pays out an annual dividend to all residents, and was first introduced by a Republican governor in a state known for its libertarian tendencies, provides a useful precedent.

precede 先例 precedence = priority 优先权

unprecedented a. 史无前例的

派生

introduction n. 引言，序言，开场白；引进，推行；（正式的）介绍，引见；初级读物，入门课程

introductory adj. 序言的，引导的，介绍性的；入门的，初步的

拓展

preface

n. 序言，前言，开场白

=prologue

Range

n. 一系列；（数量、种类等变化的）范围，幅度；系列商品；山脉；射程；（动、植物等的）生长区，分布区

v. （数量、种类等在一定范围内）变化，变动；（文章或演讲）涉及，论及，涵盖；延伸，绵亘；漫游，闲逛

例句

So efforts are underway to produce a range of fresh food in space, including growing vegetables and using bacteria to make sugars.

考点

to range from mandating（要求） more holiday time to reducing tax incentives

the species’ historic range

Array

n. 一系列，一批，大量，大群

v. （美观地）布置，排列

考点

an array of behavioral research

Scope

n. 范围；（做某件事的）机会，施展余地

考点

to narrow the scope of protections for patent holders

拓展

the music/cinema/club scope

乐坛/影坛/俱乐部圈子等(cycle)

Field

n. 田地，田野；（研究或工作的）领域，范围；现场，实地；运动场；行业；[通常构成复合词]场

v. （通常成功地）回答，处理（问题）

考点

to have succeeded in their chosen fields

to field offers from literary agents

magnetic-field recording

Province

n. 省；（某人的兴趣或知识的）范围，领域；职责范围；[+s]外省，外地（指首都以外的地区）

派生

provincial adj. 省的；外省的，地方的

拓展

city

n. 市

county

n. 郡；县

town

n. 镇；市镇

Span

n. 一段时间；长度，宽度，跨度；范围，包括的种类

v. （时间）持续，贯穿；包括（广大地区），涵盖（多项内容）

例句

The district spans about 250 mostly forested square miles, and local schools only secured broadband（宽带） three years ago.

考点

within the span of a hundred years

在一百年的时间里

Sphere

n. 球（体），球状物；（活动、工作、知识等的）范围，领域

派生

spherical adj. 球状的；球形的

circular table

Spectrum

n. （观点、人、情况等的）范围，幅度，系列，各层次；光谱；声谱；波谱；频谱

考点

to unite the left and right of the political spectrum

Horizon

n. 地平线；[+s]（思想、知识和经验的）范围，界限；眼界

考点

the curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon

Vary

v. （大小、形状等）相异，不同，有别；（根据情况）变化，变更，改变

ver/var/vers/vert = turn

例句

But individually, the responses varied considerably.

考点

to vary your muscle use

派生

variation n. 变化，变动；变种，变体

variable adj. 多变的；反复无常的 n. 变量

variant n. 变体；变种

various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的

variety n. 多样化，变化；不同种类，不同品种；（植物、语言等的）变种，变体；综艺节目

Fluctuate

v. （价格或数量）波动，上下变动，起伏

考点

to fluctuate according to mental effort

Wander

v. 漫步，闲逛，徘徊；迷路；（注意力）不集中，走神；离题；（尤指因年老而）头脑糊涂；（视线）移来移去；（道路、河流等）蜿蜒曲折

n. 漫步，闲逛，溜达

waterfall 瀑布 ramble v. 漫步

July 11

Sense

n. 感官，感觉官能；感觉，意识；理解力，判断力；理智，明智，良好的判断；意义，含义；[+s]健全的心智，理智

v. 感觉到；意识到

sth. makes sense / matters / counts

例句

Once you do, you’ll feel a sense of accomplishment and mastery, and it will compel you to continue down that path.

be good at = have great mastery of

考点

to trust in our common sense

to help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process

a great number of = an overwhelming number of

派生

sensible adj. 明智的，合理的，切合实际的；意识到的，觉察到的

Wisdom

n. 智慧，明智，才智；（社会或文化长期积累的）知识，学问

考点

conventional wisdom

Sanity

n. 精神健全，神智正常；明智，理智

Mind

n. 头脑，大脑；思考能力，思维；聪明人，有才智的人；心思；理智，健全的心智；记忆力

v. 介意，在乎；当心，注意

考点

bring … to mind

keep … in mind

拓展

mindset

n. 思维模式

remind

v. 使（某人）想起（必须做的事），提醒

remind sb. of …

Intelligence

n. 智力，智慧；理解力；聪颖，聪明；智能；情报，情报人员

考点

artificial intelligence

派生

intelligent adj. 有智慧的，聪明的；理解力强的；智能的

intelligible adj.（言语、文章）明白易懂的 = apparent

intellectual adj. 智力的 n. 知识分子

intellectual property

Wit

n. （说话的）幽默风趣；说话风趣的人；[+s]理解力，头脑，智力

派生

witty adj. 说话风趣的；妙趣横生的 = striking

拓展

witty banter

俏皮话

witty remarks

妙语连珠

Stress

n. 压力，紧张；强调，重要性；重音，重读

v. 强调，着重；紧张，焦虑，担心；重读

例句

Curtin stresses that these results do not explain the cause of autism or the recent increase in the number of children on the spectrum.

考点

to stress the necessity of easing the housing crisis

派生

stressful adj. 压力大的，紧张的

Pressure

n. 挤压；压力，压强；气压；要求，呼吁；心理压力，紧张

v. 强迫；施加压力

考点

with clear intent to pressure those officials

Tension

n. （精神上的）紧张，焦虑，焦急；紧张关系，紧张局势；张力，拉力

intensive adj. 密集的

考点

to relieve the tension of busy life

lev = light/lift

levy levity relieve alleviate elevator

Strain

n. 压力，紧张；压力，拉力，张力，作用力；（肌肉等软组织的）损伤，拉伤，扭伤；（动植物的）品系，品种；个性特点，性格倾向，秉性

v. 拉伤，扭伤，损伤；过度使用，使不堪承受；尽力，竭力

考点

to strain natural resources

Emphasis

n. 重点，重要性，强调；重音，重读

考点

to put more emphasis on creative potential

派生

emphasize v. 强调，重视；使突出，使明显

Highlight

v. 使突出；强调

n. 最有趣（或最精彩、最重要）的部分

例句

But Cornwall’s over tourism problem highlights a number of familiar trends.

考点

to highlight the virtue of classical heroes

Underline

v. 强调，突出；（尤指为了强调）在……下画线

describe v. = write

circumscribe v. 限制

考点

to underline the need for the US to revive its fading business dynamism

Surprise

n. 意想不到的事；惊奇，惊讶；令人惊喜的事物

v. 使惊奇，使惊诧，使感到意外；意外发现，当场抓获，突然袭击

考点

a surprise departure

派生

surprising adj. 令人惊奇的，使人吃惊的，出人意料的

Amaze

v. 使大为惊奇，使惊愕

派生

amazing adj. 令人惊诧的，惊人的；令人惊喜的

Astonish

v. 使吃惊；使惊讶

派生

astonishment n. 惊愕；惊讶

astonishing adj. 令人惊讶的；惊人的

Shock

n. 令人震惊的事；惊愕，震惊；休克；触电，电击；冲击，剧烈震动；愤怒，生气，不快

v. （使）震惊，惊愕；（使）愤怒，生气，不快

as shocking as shocking can be

考点

sticker shock

an electric shock

stroke 中风

Stun

v. 使震惊，使惊讶

派生

stunning adj. 极漂亮的，极迷人的；令人惊奇的，令人震惊的

gorgeous 华丽的，极好的

Wonder

v. 疑惑，想知道；非常惊讶，感到诧异；（用于短语中，使某一请求更加正式和礼貌）不知能否……

n. （对优美或新鲜事物的）惊讶，惊叹；奇迹，奇观，奇事

例句

Commentators on news programmes wondered whether the fire marked “the end of high-rise living”.

考点

to wonder at those marvels

Stagger

v. 蹒跚，摇摇晃晃地走；使震惊，使大吃一惊

n. 蹒跚

stagnant a. 停滞的, 停滞不前的

派生

staggering adj. 令人震惊的；令人难以置信的

Awe

n. 敬畏；惊奇，惊叹

v. 使敬畏；使惊叹

派生

awful adj. 糟糕的，恶劣的；讨厌的；极大的，很多；骇人听闻的，可怕的 adv. 极其；非常 ↓

awesome adj. 令人敬畏的，令人惊叹的；难得吓人的；很好的，了不起的 ↑

terrific a. 极好的，非常的

fantastic a. 极好的，极出色的；不可思议的

fable n. 寓言 fabulous a. 难以置信的；传说的，寓言中的；极好的

July 12

Avoid

v. 避免，防止；避开，逃避

vo va = 空 vacant

考点

to avoid archaeological and environmental impact

only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes …

charge 充电；支付；管理 charge sb. with … 控告某人 in charge of 管理

派生

avoidance n. 避免，防止；回避，避开

Avert

v. 避免，防止（不快之事）；转移（目光、想法等）

派生

aversion n. 厌恶，反感；讨厌的人（或事物）

aversive a. 反感的 antipathy n. 反感；厌恶

pat/path/pass = 情

Escape

v. 逃走，逃跑；（从不愉快或危险处境中）逃脱，摆脱；避开，避免（不愉快或危险的事物）；被忘掉，未被注意

n. 逃避，逃跑；逃避现实，解脱；漏出，泄露

例句

The sugar tax—designed to help combat child obesity（肥胖）—was announced in 2016 by George Osborne, then the chancellor, and he gave drinks makers time to change their recipes if they wished to escape the levy.

考点

to escape the context of our unique life experience

派生

escapism n. 逃避现实的消遣活动

Refrain

v. 克制；避免；忍住

n. （歌曲或诗歌每节末尾的）反复句，副歌；一再重复的话

考点

to refrain from a sweeping ruling

a common refrain

commonplace stereotype(stereotypical)

Evade

v. 逃脱，躲开；回避，避开（处理或谈论某事）；逃避，规避（尤指法律或道德责任）

考点

to effectively evade the flaws of the social cure

派生

evasive adj. 回避的，避而不谈的；规避的

evasion n. 回避；逃避

Cost

n. 价格，费用，成本；代价，牺牲，付出

v. 需付费，价钱为；使付出代价，使牺牲

考点

labour costs

a cost-effective approach

the excessive costs of a legal education

派生

costly adj. 昂贵的，价格高的；造成严重损失的，代价大的

拓展词组

at all cost(s)

不惜任何代价；无论如何

Price

n. 价格，价钱；代价

v. 给……定价

考点

share price

派生

priceless adj. 极其贵重的，无价的

Expense

n. 花费；费用；花钱的东西，开销

考点

at the expense of

派生

expensive adj. 昂贵的；花钱多的；价格高的

Expenditure

n. （政府或个人）全部开支，花费；（时间、金钱、精力等的）耗费，花费

pen/pense = 花钱 compensate for 赔偿

例句

The world Bank adjusted its definition of extreme poverty this year by increaseing the benchmark（基准） of daily.

考点

from a public expenditure perspective

Charge

v. （尤指对某一服务或活动）收费，要价，开价；指控，控告；公开指责，谴责；充电

n. （尤指对某一服务或活动的）收费，费用，价格；指控，控告；指责，谴责；主管，负责；电量，电荷

例句

Many Californians charged with misdemeanors might spend all of 12 hours in a lockup and never need see a judge before pretrial release.

misdemeanor demean disgrace

malpractice 不当行为

juvenile delinquency

考点

innocent of the same charge

Fetch

v. （去）拿来，取回；（去）请来；售得，卖得（……价钱）

考点

to fetch more than ￡70m

Event

n. （尤指重大或不寻常的）事情，事件；（比赛的）项目；活动（指演出、体育比赛、聚会等）

考点

to have participated in historical events

affair

public/family affair

Incident

n. （不愉快或不寻常的）事件；（两国间的）摩擦，冲突

after-dinner viewing

派生

incidental adj. 附带的，伴随的；伴随而来的，免不了的

incidentally adv. 顺便提一下；附带地，伴随地

Occasion

n. （尤指某事发生的）时刻，时候；特殊场合，重大活动；时机

派生

occasional adj. 偶尔的；不经常的

Episode

n. 事件，（相关的）一连串事件，一段经历；（尤指电视或广播节目的）一集，一节

Campaign

n. （尤指政治、商业或军事的）活动，运动；战役

v. 发起运动； 从事活动

考点

the next presidential campaign

election campaign

charity campaign

July 13

Explain

v. 解释，说明，阐明；说明（……的）原因

考点

to explain monarchs’ continuing popularity

mono- 一个

派生

explanation n. 解释，说明，理由；解释性说法，说明性文字

名人名言

If you can’t explain it simply, you don’t understand it well enough.

Illustrate

v. （举例）说明，阐明；给（书籍、杂志等）画插图

考点

The Us and France examples are used to illustrate

A. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”.

B. the significance of long-term thinking.

C. the approaches to promoting “long-termism”.

D. the prevalence（流行） of short-term thinking.

to illustrate the impact of technological advances

派生

illustration n. 插图，图解；例证，实例

Demonstrate

v. 说明；证明，论证，证实；表达，表露，表现；演示；示威，游行

例句

We think this is because of increasing social pressure on young people to demonstrate their worth to others—whether this is in school or on social media.

考点

to demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psychology

Gain

v. （尤指经过一段时间逐渐）取得，获得，赢得；（从……中）受益，得到（好处）；增加，增长

n. 获得，得到；获得的东西，取得的进展；（尤指财富或资源的）增值，增加；好处，利益，改进；利润，经济收益

考点

to gain access to other officials

to prevent lawyers from gaining due(=proper) profits

拓展

to gain weight

weight gain

Acquire

v. （通过努力、能力等）获得，得到；购得；学到（知识、技能）；养成（习惯）

例句

Big firms can use the hordes of customers acquired in one business to put pressure on suppliers or squeeze customers in another.

a + n. + of / n.s + of = many

考点

to acquire new skills

派生

acquisition n. 获得，得到；（知识、技能的）习得；收购，收购物（房屋、公司、土地等）

Obtain

v. （尤指经过努力）获得，得到；[不用进行时]（情况、制度或规则）继续存在，通用

ob 对面

tain = catch/hold

obtain one’s approval

例句

Cyberthieves have obtained billions of passwords and other sensitive personal information, which can be used to steal from customers’ bank and shopping accounts and fraudulently open new ones.

Reap

v. 获得，取得（成果），收获；收割（庄稼）

harvest 丰收

考点

to reap considerable gains

拓展

You reap what you sow.

种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

Derive

v. 得到，获得（优势或愉快的感受）；（使）起源于，来自

例句

But unlike the Alaskan model, which derives its revenues from resource extraction and therefore encourages fossil fuel use, a climate dividend funded by a carbon tax would encourage the precise opposite: efficiency and cleaner energy.

Output

n. 产量，输出量，排出量；输出（信息、文件）；输出功率；输出端

v. （计算机等）输出（信息）

考点

carbon-dioxide output

July 14

Necessary

adj. 必要的，必需的，必不可少的；必然的，不可避免的

n. [necessaries]生活必需品

考点

the necessary agro-technological tools to eradicate(消灭) hunger

agri/agro = agriculture

e = out

rad = root根/发散 radical radiate radioactivity

evacuate 抽空，撤退

extinguish 消灭 extinguisher 灭火器

派生

necessity n. 必要，需要；必需的事物，必需品；必要性，不可避免的情况

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 马斯洛需求层次理论

Wi-Fi: Wireless Fidelity

Survival: physiological needs(air, shelter, water, food)

Safety and Security

Social Needs: friends, family

Esteem: self-esteem, confidence, achievement

Self-actualization: creativity, problem solving, authenticity（真实性）, spontaneity（自发性 spontaneous adj. 自发的）

Essential

adj. 必要的，必不可少的，极其重要的；最基本的，本质的

n. [常用复数]必需品，必不可少的东西；[+s]要点，要素

考点

be essential to the proper functioning of capital markets

Indispensable

adj. 必不可少的，不可或缺的

例句

For poor countries which prize growth over greenery, coal seems indispensable: cheap, abundant and reliable.

Vital

adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的；维持生命所必需的；充满活力的，生气勃勃的

revitalize 振兴

派生

vitality n. 活力；生命力

Integral

adj. （用于构成整体）必需的，不可缺少的；内置的

integrate v. 整合 integration

integrity n. 完整性；正直，忠诚

Peer

n. （身份或地位）相同的人，同龄人，同辈；同事，同行；（英国）贵族

v. （尤指因看起来费劲而）盯着看，凝视

考点

peer pressure

peer review

to peer out of the window

Match

n. 比赛，竞赛；火柴；旗鼓相当的人；相配的物（或人）

v. 相配，般配；相一致；与……相匹敌，和……不相上下；配对

例句

The growth in visitors has been matched by a growth in lodgings, with 36 hotels opening in the past year, according to NYC & Company.

lodge 旅馆，租房

accommodate v. 适应 accommodation n. 住宿；适应

拓展

We Always consider ourselves as a match made in heaven, but the truth is like a poem — “You fit into me like a hook into an eye. A fish hook, and open eye.”

Counterpart

n. 职能（或地位）相当的人；对应的事物

表示敌人对手：rival, enemy, opponent, competitor

例句

And, again according to Gallup, remote workers log significantly longer hours than their office-bound counterparts.

boot on / log in the website

Fellow

adj. 同事的；同类的；同伴的；同情况的

n. 人；同事，同辈，同类，伙伴；（学术或专业协会的）会员

our fellow classmate / citizen

派生

fellowship n. （具有共同兴趣或信念的）团体，协会；（因共同的兴趣或经历而产生的）友情，友谊；研究生奖学金

Noble

adj. 高尚的，崇高的；壮丽的，宏伟的；（尤指出身）贵族的，高贵的

n. 贵族；出身高贵的人

考点

truly noble and manly character

派生

nobility n. 贵族（阶层）；高尚，崇高

Aristocrat

n. 贵族（成员）

-crat 人

-cracy 制度

-cratic 特点

派生

aristocratic adj. 贵族，贵族的

Gaze

v. （尤指因为惊奇、羡慕或心不在焉而）凝视，注视，盯着看

n. 凝视，注视，盯着

Stare

v. 盯着看，凝视，注视

n. （尤指不友好或吃惊的）盯着，凝视，注视

考点

to stare at the ceiling

July 15

Potential

adj. 潜在的；可能的

n. 潜力，潜能，潜质；可能性

leash n./v. 束缚 unleash your potential

例句

Self-driving cars have the potential to reduce those numbers, because they eliminate the driver inattention（疏忽） that leads to thousands of collisions, injuries and deaths.

考点

a potential solution to this problem

Capacity

n. 容量，容积；容纳能力，容纳人数；能力，才能；生产能力；职位，职责；地位，身份

cap cab = hold 盛，装，容纳 / catch 抓

cabin 驾驶舱 cabinet 壁橱

captive a./n. 俘虏

考点

a boost in the storage capacity of batteries

Capability

n. （尤指完成困难事情的）能力，才能；（国家的）军事力量，军事武器

military capability

Possible

adj. 可能的；合理的，可接受的；[用于形容词后表示强调]最好的（或最差的）

考点

to reduce the possible negative effects of curiosity

派生

possibly adv. 可能，或许

possibility n. 可能性，可能；可选择的方法，可能的情况；[possibilities]潜力，改进的余地

Likely

adj. 很可能的，可能要发生的；合适的，恰当的

考点

be less likely to develop calcium deficiency

Probable

adj. 很可能的，很可能发生（或存在的）的；很有希望的

派生

probably adv. 很可能；大概

probability n. 可能性；几率，概率；很可能发生的事

Reform

n. 改革，改进，改良

v. 改革，改进，改良；（使）改过自新

考点

the key to reforming higher education

派生

reformation n. 改革，改进，变革

reformist adj. （尤指政治上）改革主义的 n. 改革者

Revolution

n. （通常指改变政治体制的）革命；巨变，大变革

考点

the Industrial Revolution

information technology revolution

派生

revolutionary adj. 革命的，革命性的；彻底变革的，巨变的 n. 革命者，革命家

revolutionize v. 使彻底变革；在……方面引起突破性变革

Risk

n. 风险，危险；潜在危险，隐患

v. 使遭受危险；冒……的风险（或危险）；冒险做

例句

California judges who are subject to election and recall might not want to risk releasing the wrong person.

考点

to insure yourself against the risk of unemployment

assure v. 确信 self-assurance

派生

risky adj. 危险的，有风险的

名人名言

Risk comes from not knowing what you’re doing.

Threat

n. 威胁，恐吓；构成威胁的人，形成恐吓的事物

考点

a looming threat to business-method patents

派生

threaten v. 威胁，恐吓；威胁到，危害到

Hazard

n. 危险；危害

v. 冒……的风险；使处于危险

派生

hazardous adj. 危险的；有害的

Endanger

v. 使处于险境；危及；危害

拓展

endangered species / red listed species

Support

v. 支持，拥护；帮助，援助；养活，抚养，赡养；资助；维持……的生命；支撑，承受（重量）；证明，证实

n. 支持，拥护；帮助，援助；养活，抚养，赡养；资助，赞助；支撑物，支架；证明，证据

考点

to cultivate political support

nurture v. 培养，养育 nutrition n. 营养

nourish v. 滋补，滋养 nourishment n. 滋补品

派生

supportive adj. 给予帮助的；支持的，鼓励的，拥护的

supporter n. 支持者，拥护者

Endorse

v. （公开）赞同，认可，支持；（在广告中）宣传，代言；（尤指在支票背面）签名，背书

考点

to endorse this sentiment

sentimental a. 多愁善感的

emotional

派生

endorsement n. 赞同，认可，支持；名人代言

Champion

n. 冠军，获胜者；支持者，拥护者，捍卫者

v. 支持，拥护，捍卫

例句

“If what they’re looking to do is reduce productivity lose talent, and increase cost, maybe they’re on to something（做到了，正在做）,” says Kate Lister, the president of Global Workplace Analytics, which measure (and champions) working from home.

考点

to champion cunning(=foxy), ruthlessness, and boldness（大胆）

baldness 秃头

派生

championship n. 锦标赛，冠军赛；冠军地位，冠军称号

Advocate

v. 主张，拥护，支持，提倡

n. 拥护人，支持者，提倡者

考点

public-health advocates

to advocate freedom of thought and of personal expression

派生

advocacy n. 拥护，支持，主张

Uphold

v. 支持，维护（法规、制度或原则）；（法庭）维持（原判）

Aid

n. 帮助，援助；辅助物，辅助设施

v. 帮助，援助；促进

考点

“Aiding Rural Primary School” project

to need more than a Band-Aid

拓展

Band-Aid

邦迪牌创可贴；权宜之计

Assist

v. 帮助，协助，援助；有助于，促进

派生

assistant n. 助手，助理；店员 adj. 助理的，副的

assistance n. 帮助，协助，援助

July 16

Tend

v. 易于，往往会；护理，照料；趋于，倾向（to/towards）

考点

an area humans tend to frequent

to tend to attach importance to pre-marital finance

派生

tendency n. （思想、行为等的）倾向；趋势，趋向

Lean

v. 屈身，倾斜身体；倚靠；使斜靠；倾向，偏向（to/towards）

adj. 瘦且健康的；（公司或机构）精简的；不景气的

lean against 靠着，用什么支撑着

考点

without a partner to lean on

Incline

v. （使）倾向于；（使）倾斜

n. 斜坡，斜面

派生

inclination n. 倾向，爱好，意向；趋向，趋势

sexual inclination / orientation

inclined adj. 愿意……的，倾向于……的；有……天分的

Care

v. 关心，介意；照看，照料，护理（尤指幼、老、病者）（for）

n. 照看，照料，护理；小心，谨慎；担心，烦恼，忧虑

考点

health care

day care

派生

careful adj. 小心的，注意的，谨慎的；细致的，慎重的

careless adj. 不小心的，粗心大意的；漫不经心的

caring adj. 关心他人的，乐于助人的，体贴的

名人名言

Be careless in your dress if you will, but keep a tidy soul.

Trend

n. 趋势，趋向，倾向，动向；时尚，新款式

考点

the trend toward efficient living

Tide

n. 潮水，潮汐；潮流，趋势

考点

a tide of emigration

派生

tidal adj. 潮汐的；受潮汐影响的

Fashion

n. （服装、发型等的）流行款式，时兴式样；风行一时的事物，时尚；时装业

考点

go out of fashion

派生

fashionable adj. （尤指短时期内）流行的；时髦的；时尚的

Craze

n. 时尚，一时的狂热

考点

a passing literary craze

派生

crazy adj. 不理智的，疯狂的；非常气愤的；热衷的，狂热的；迷恋的，爱上的

fanatical a. 狂热的

Fad

n. 一时的狂热；时尚，风尚

考点

a passing fad

Style

n. 方式，（尤指）风格，作风；样式，款式；（尤指服装上的）风尚，潮流，流行式样；优雅格调，风度；语言规范

v. 设计，把……制作成某种式样

考点

go out of style

派生

stylish adj. 时尚的；有格调的，优雅的

stylist n. 发型师；造型（或形象）设计师

Amount

n. （尤指不可数事物的）数量，数额；（感情、特质的）程度

v. （数量上）达到，总计；意味着，等于，相当于（to）（mean to）

例句

And with more than 20m Indians reaching school age every year, such caution amounts to a huge waste of talent.

考点

massive amounts of harmful chemicals

to amount to millions of cases

Quantity

n. （尤指可测量或确定的）量，数量，数额；大量，大批，众多

考点

large quantities of CO2 大量二氧化碳

carbon dioxide

派生

quantitative adj. 数量的；与数量有关的；定量的

quantify v. 确定……的数量；量化

Volume

n. 体积，容量；（尤指巨大的或正在增加的）总量，总额；音量，响度；（成套书籍中的）一卷，一册；书

考点

the same volume of greenhouse gases

this slim volume

slim figure

Sum

n. 金额；总数，总和

v. 总结，概括

aggregate a./n./v. 总计 = collect

拓展词组

sum (sth./sb.) up

总结，概括，概述；简而言之

Total

n. 总数，总额

adj. 总的，全部的；完全的，彻底的

v. 总数达，合计为；把……加起来

考点

in total

派生

totally adv. 完全地，彻底地

Assume

v. 假定，假设，认为；装出，假装；呈现出，显示出；承担，担任；获得（权力）

例句

Kasim cautions that while upstarts（新贵） are good for goosing a staid industry, they also assume the huge financial risks associated with health care coverage.

goose n./v. inspire stimulate

考点

to assume an inverted V-formation

派生

assumption n. 假定，假设，臆断；（责任的）承担，担任；（权力的）获得

Presume

v. 假定，料想，（不肯定地）认为；认定，推定（尤在法律上）

派生

presumably adv. 据推测，大概，可能

Speculate

v. 推测，猜测；投机，做投机买卖

例句

As for why self-oriented perfectionism seems to be on the rise in the U.S., it may be because of our hyperindividualistic culture “where pressure is on the individual to succeed and self-gain is prized above all else,” Curran speculates.

派生

speculation n. 推测，猜测；投机，投机买卖

speculative adj. 推测的，猜测的；投机性的，风险性的

Shoulder

n. 肩，肩膀，肩部

v. 承担；肩负

考点

to shoulder the blame

July 17

Check

v. 检查，核查，审查；查明，核实；控制，抑制，阻止；克制；托运（行李）

n. 检查，查看；调查；账单；[= cheque]支票

考点

reality check

to check the power of the Administration

to strengthen their statistical checks

拓展词组

hold/keep sth. in check

控制；限制

Examine

v. （仔细地）检查，审查，调查；仔细研究，探讨；考查，测验（某人）

考点

to examine the effects of …

Inspect

v. 检查，查看，审视；视察，检阅

例句

A Google system can make precise guesses about the year a photograph was taken, simply because it has seen more photos than a human could ever inspect, and has spotted(发现) patterns that no human could.

派生

inspection n. 检查，审视；视察

Scrutinize

v. 认真检查，仔细查看，细致审查

scrutiny

scru- = screw 螺丝钉 scrupulous 一丝不苟的

screw up 拧紧；搞砸

考点

to scrutinize succession plans

Screen

n. 银幕，屏幕；[统称]电影，电视；掩蔽物，屏障

v. 测试；筛查，检查（疾病）；放映，播出；审查，调查

例句

The team thinks future versions could help in other ways, such as screening calls when it recognises that you’re busy, or reminding the wearer of their shopping budget when it catches them eyeing the checkout counter.

考点

to screen statistics in papers

派生

screener n. （机场）检查员

Detail

n. 细微之处；详情，细节；[+s]具体情况，（某事物的）资料，信息

v. 详述，详细说明

考点

in detail

派生

detailed adj. 详细的；细致的；精细的

Particular

adj. 特定的，具体的；特别的，不寻常的；讲究的，挑剔的

n. [常用复数]（正式记下的）细节，详情，个人资料

考点

the material standards of a particular industry

in particular

派生

particularly adv. 特别；尤其；格外

Elaborate

adj. 复杂的，详尽的；精心制作的

v. 详尽说明；阐述

make an elaborate preparation for sth.

dedicate/devote oneself to + n. = make full/particular dedications to sth.

考点

the elaborate design

Specify

v. 具体说明；明确指出；详述

考点

to specify novel rules

nov = new novelty

Financial

adj. 财政的，金融的，财务的

考点

financial regulators in Britain

their expectation of better financial status

Fiscal

adj. 财政的；国库的；税收的

fiscal cliff

Monetary

adj. 货币的，金融的

考点

strict monetary policy 严格的货币政策

Fundamental

adj. 根本的，十分重大的；基本的，基础的

考点

fundamental public health problems

fundamentalism 原教旨主义

Underlying

adj. 潜在的，深层的，根本的；表面下的

例句

If the underlying source of your thoughts is clinical depression or intense anxiety, you might want to talk with a professional about the root cause of your negative thinking patterns and discuss medications that can be helpful.

Radical

adj. 根本的，彻底的，完全的；激进的，极端的

考点

radical innovation

July 18

Promote

v. 促进，推动（发展或增长）；促销，推广，宣传（新产品等）；[常用被动语态]提升，晋升；提倡，倡导

mot = move motive motivate

例句

That such precisely directed helping behavior pops up in(=exist) as distant a relative as the ant belies some popular notions of Darwinian evolution, which characterize natural selection as promoting only selfish behavior.

belie v. 证明……是谎言 bewitch v. 蛊惑

beware of thieves

tipping point 临界点，引爆点

考点

to promote the chancellor to develop his scheme

派生

promotion n. 促销，宣传；提升，晋升；推广，促进

self-promotion

Advance

v. （尤指有目的地）前进；发展，进步；使提前发生；促进，推动（……的发展）；提出（想法或理论）

n. 前进；进步，进展；发展

adj. 预先的，事先的

例句

All sorts of plausible theories have been advanced to explain why this doesn’t seem to be happening.

plausible: sth. seems like true

paradoxical a. 自相矛盾的 contradictory a. 矛盾的 ambiguous a. 模棱两可的

contr- = counter

am- 爱 bi- 两边 ambient a. 产生轻松氛围的 amiable a. 和蔼可亲的

考点

in advance

派生

advanced adj. 先进的；（课程）高级的，高等的；（发展）晚期的，后期的

advancement n. 发展；提高；改善

Boost

v. 促进，推动，提高，增长

n. 帮助，激励；增长，提高

boast n./v. 吹牛

考点

to boost wholesale demand

Accelerate

v. （使）加速，加快；促进

cele = speed celerity n. 敏捷

decelerate v. 减速

celeb- = acclaim/applause(applaud)

celebrate celebrity n. 明星，名声

考点

to accelerate the I.T. revolution

派生

acceleration n. 加快，加速；（车辆）增速能力；加速度

Facilitate

v. 促进，使便利，使容易

facility n. 便利，设施

public health facilities

考点

to facilitate problem-solving

派生

facilitation n. 促进的行为；给人带来便利的东西

Expedite

v. 促进，加快（行动、进程）

ped = foot 足 pedestrian 行人

Foster

v. （在一段时间内）收养，代养，抚育（他人子女）；促进，助长，培育，鼓励

adj. 寄养的；代养的

例句

Now, instead of culling, the park’s wildlife managers rely on indirect methods such as reducing artificial water supplies that had fostered unnatural population booms.

culling: to kill the weaker animals in a group

massacre/slaughter: killing + fiasco（惨败）

考点

to foster a child’s moral development

Stimulate

v. 刺激，促进；激发，激励

sting n./v. 叮咬

考点

to stimulate a number of anti-obesity policies

obese a. 肥胖的

派生

stimulation n. 刺激；激励

stimulus n. 刺激，刺激物；促进因素，激励因素

stimulant n. 兴奋剂；刺激物，激励物

Fuel

n. 燃料；刺激性因素

v. 给……提供燃料；加强，激起，使更强烈

例句

Much of that growth was legitimate, fueled by China’s fast-paced rollout of theaters and the widespread adoption of online- and mobile- ticketing platforms.

考点

to fuel the efficiency mind-set（思维模型）

fossil fuel

Advertise

v. 为……做广告，宣传；（在报纸、海报等上）公布，征聘

派生

advertisement n. [简写ad]广告

advertising n. 广告（业）

Publicize

v. 公布；宣传，推广

propagate v. 宣传，推广

Plug

n. 插头；插座；塞子；（尤指电视或广播中的）宣传，推荐

v. 堵塞，填塞；（尤指通过电视或广播）宣传，推广

考点

be plugged into your phone

be immersed in/into 沉浸在

be engaged in

拓展词组

be plugged into

沉浸于；热衷于

Elevate

v. 举起，抬起；提高，使升高；提拔，晋升

考点

to help elevate notions of beauty

asethetic（美学的） outlook

派生

elevation n. 海拔，高度；高地，高处；提拔，晋升

elevator n. 电梯

escalator n. 自动扶梯

escalate v. 升级（事态恶化）

Upgrade

v. 使（机器、计算机程序等）升级；提升，提拔；提高档次，使升格

考点

to highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports

July 19

Recession

n. （经济）衰退，萧条

re- = back

cess = walk

考点

the manufacturing recession

manual a. 人工的，手工的

Stagnation

n. 停滞，不发展

stagnant a. 停滞的

考点

lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline

Depression

n. 抑郁症；抑郁，沮丧；经济萧条，不景气

考点

the Great Depression

touchstone 试金石

Downturn

n. （经济活动、生产等的）下降，衰退

考点

the worst US economic downturn

Significant

adj. 重要的，重大的，影响深远的；（因数量多而影响大）显著的，值得注意的；（眼神、微笑等）意味深长的

例句

The move “will create significant uncertainly in the market and upset the careful balance that has led to the current virtuous circle of innovation in the broadband ecosystem.”

eco- 生态 ecocide n. 生态灭绝 -cide = cut

考点

to take a significant hit

to result in significant revenue losses

派生

significance n. 重要性；意义

名人名言

The aim of art is to represent not the outward appearance of things, but their inward significance.

Critical

adj. 批评的，批判的；极重要的，关键的；（局势）严重的；（病情）危急的；挑剔的；评论性的

例句

These findings may seem discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than previously thought.

acquired adj. 后天习得的

Crucial

adj. 至关重要的，关键的

考点

to play a crucial role in the newspaper business

crucial ethical issues involving AI

Notable

adj. 重要的，显著的， 值得注意的

n. 名人；重要人物

celebrity figure

例句

The population revision report also included some notable findings on aging.

派生

notably adv. 尤其，特别；明显地，显著地

Noteworthy

adj. 值得注意的，显著的，重要的

Striking

adj. （因突出或不寻常而）惊人的，显著的；吸引人的，惹人注目的

考点

to craft complex plots（情节） and striking characters

Relevant

adj. 紧密相关的，切题的，适宜的；有价值的，有意义的

irrelevant

例句

He emphasized character as much as action; was fond of serialized, soapy twists; and tried to keep his heroes relevant to the age they lived in, rooting stories in the countercultural movements of the day.

派生

relevance n. （对……的）重要性，意义，相关性

July 20

Stick

v. 刺，戳，插；粘住，贴上；固定住；卡住；（感情、思想）坚守，固守，信守；经久留驻

n. 棍；拐杖；枝条

rod 木棒

Spare the rod. Spoil the child.

例句

Do whatever makes you happy at work; you can stick to your career goals longer if your work is enjoyable in the moment.

派生

sticky adj. 黏性的；（天气）闷热的；（问题）棘手的

拓展词组

stick to

继续做，坚持做

Attach

v. 系，贴，固定，连接，附上；（使）与……有牵连；认为……有（重要性、价值等）；附上（文件）；附加（条件）

考点

to attach equal importance to different genders

派生

attachment n. 喜欢，依恋；附属物，附件；信仰，忠诚

attached adj. 依恋的，喜欢的；附属的，附加的

Gule

n. 胶，胶水

v. 胶合，黏合，粘贴

例句

Sticky as the weather is, it feels like my leg and long johns have already glued together.

long johns 秋裤

Paste

v. 粘，贴

n. 糊状物；糨糊

pasta 面团

spaghetti 意大利面条

Adhere

v. 黏附，附着；坚持（信念），遵守，遵循（法律、规章、指示等）（to）

例句

This means that women may be excluded from a major social space on campus if they do not adhere to the expectations of fraternity men.

frat- = brother fraternal 兄弟的 fraternity

paternal 父亲的 paternity leave

maternal 母亲的 maternity

parenthood 亲子关系

考点

to adhere to the rule

派生

adherence n. 坚持，遵守，遵循

adherent a./n. 遵守的；信徒

Cling

v. 抓紧，抓住不放（to/on to）；粘住，附着（to）；（尤指情感上）依恋，依附（to）；不愿放弃，坚持（to/on to）

例句

If the Supreme Court rules against the government, the creature’s best hope will be cling to survival in neighboring Mississippi, permanently endangered.

Bind

v. 系，捆绑；（使）凝结，黏合；把……紧紧联系在一起；使关系密切；约束，迫使

n. 窘境，困境

考点

be not bound by an ethics code

派生

binding adj. （指合同等）具有约束力的

Fasten

v. 扣牢，系紧；使牢固，使固定；握住，抓牢；把（眼神或注意力）集中于（on/upon）

Pin

n. 别针，大头针；胸针

v. 把……别住（或钉住）；固定住；压住，使动弹不得

拓展词组

pin sth. down

清楚地知道，确切地描述，确定

考点

be hard to pin down

Nail

v. 钉，将……钉牢；抓住，逮住；<非正式>（花费很多时间或精力而）得到

n. 钉子；指甲

拓展词组

nail sth. down

最终确定，对……做出定论

Structure

n. 结构，组织；（尤指大的）建筑物；周密安排，精心组织

v. 组织，安排

construction site 建筑工地

例句

The researchers suggest the software does this by picking up on subtle differences in facial structure.

派生

structural adj. 结构（上）的，构造（上）的

Construction

n. 建造；构造；建筑物，建造物；（知识、想法等的）创造，创立，建立

Configuration

n. 构造，结构；布局；（计算机设备的）配置

Fabric

n. 织物，衣料；（社会或系统的）结构；（建筑的）基本结构

考点

social fabric

fabricate v. 制造；伪造

System

n. （思想或理论）体系，制度，体制；条理，秩序；政府，现行体制；身体，（器官）系统

mechanism 机制

派生

systematic adj. 系统化的，有条理的

Frame

n. （物体的）构架；构想，框架；（人的）身躯，体格，骨架

v. 给……加框；设计，拟定，制定（计划、体制等）

skeleton 骨架

frame有陷害的意思

fraud 欺诈

例句

Superheros, until then, had been framed as one-dimensional forces of justice, pillars of honor and duty serving a higher cause.

考点

someone with a small frame

Framework

n. （建筑物或物体的）构架，结构；（作为判断、决定等基础的）信仰，观点，准则；（体系的）结构，机制

Accept

v. 接受，接纳；采纳（建议）；忍受，容忍；承担（过失、责任等）

派生

acceptable adj. 认同的；可以接受的，尚可的

acceptance n. 接受，接纳；忍受；认可

Embrace

v. 抱，拥抱；欣然接受，乐意采纳（新思想、意见、宗教）；包括，涉及

n. 拥抱；欣然接受

brace for impact(n.= collision)

例句

Yet despite the seemingly ever-growing embrace of digital learning in schools, access to the necessary devices remains unequal, with a new report from the Pew Research Center finding that 15 percent of U.S. households with school-age children lack high-speed internet at home

考点

to embrace their cultural heritage

to embrace the ideas of their children

heir- 继承 inherit

Receive

v. 接到，收到；遭受；接受（治疗）；接待，招待；接纳，允许加入

派生

receipt n. 收据，发票；收到；收入

p不发音

recipient n. 接受者，领受者

receptive adj. （对新思想或建议）乐于接受的，愿意倾听的

receiver n. （电话）听筒；信号接收器；（破产企业的）接管人

reception n. （酒店、大型机构的）接待处；招待会；接待，欢迎；反应，反响

July 21

Available

adj. 可获得的，可用的；（人）有空的

考点

available funding

Accessible

adj. 可到达的，可进入的，可使用的；易懂的；随和的，平易近人的

例句

When parents were accessible and calm, gave good advice and offered reciprocal（互惠的） disclosures about their own lives, teens reported being more apt to talk.

Forthcoming

adj. 即将来临的，即将发生的；可得到的（常用来表示尚未获取）

prompt 迅速的

impromptu 即兴的

考点

a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science

Handy

adj. 有用的；手边的，易获取的；手巧的

考点

to come in handy

Commission

v. 授权（或委托）制作（或做、进行）；任命（某人军职）

n. 委托；任命；销售佣金；服务费；委员会

例句

He later suspended scores of officials and commissioned an investigation, due to be completed in a few days.

be due to 预期

考点

US Securities and Exchange Commission

Entrust

v. 委托看管，托付

Delegate

n. 代表，会议代表

v. 授权，委托（权限给下级），下放（权力）；委派（某人）做；委任（某人）为代表

派生

delegation n. 代表团

Committee

n. 委员会

Board

n. 布告牌，公告牌；董事会，理事会，委员会；（用于机构名称中）局，所，中心；膳食，伙食

v. 登上（火车、轮船或飞机）；寄宿

考点

school board

拓展

bed and board

食宿

Conduct

n. （尤指在公共场合的）行为，举止；（任务或活动的）组织方式

v. 进行，实施；（在某种场合）表现；给……领路（或做向导）；（音乐）指挥；传导（热或电）

例句

In many countries, college-level science education is now conducted in English—partially because studying science in English is good preparation for a future scientific career, and partially because the necessary words often don’t exist in any other language.

考点

code of conduct

派生

conductor n. （交响乐、合唱的）指挥；（公交）售票员；列车员；导体

conductive adj. （对电、热等）具有传导性的

Deed

n. （尤指很好或很坏的）行为，行动；（尤指财产所有权的）契约，证书

名人名言

How far that little candle throws his beams! So shines a good deed in a weary world.

Manner

n. 方式，方法；（待人接物的）态度，举止；[+s]礼貌；[+s]习俗，风俗

例句

The oldest leather artefact（手工制品） found so far is a 5,500-year-old shoe from a cave in Armenia, but paintings in Egyptian tombs show that, 7,000 years ago, leather was being turned into all manner of things, from sandals to buckets to military equipment.

拓展词组

all manner of

各种各样的

Behave

v. 表现；做出反应；守规矩，行为检点

派生

behavior n. 行为，举止

Act

v. 行动，做事；（）表现；充当，担任；起作用，见效；扮演

delineate = describe / depict

考点

to act as gatekeepers

the outcome of impulsive acts

income - expenditure

outset - outcome // set out to do

Guide

n. 指南，手册；导游，向导；指导的事物，判断的根据

v. 带领，引导（某人至某地）；引导，指导

itinerary 旅行安排

ite- = item 条款

派生

guidance n. 指导，引导；咨询

Lead

v. 带路，引领；领导；导致，造成；引导（某人做坏事）；领先；通向

n. 领先地位；带头作用；（破案或解开谜底的）线索；主角；铅；铅笔芯

考点

to lead to a decline

派生

leadership n. 领导才能；领导地位；领导层

leading adj. 最好的，最重要的，最成功的

Usher

v. （基于工作原因）引，领，招待；使开始，开创

n. 引座员；（法院的）传达员，门卫

考点

to usher in a new era

拓展词组

usher in

引领，开辟，开创

Escort

n. 护送者；护卫者

v. 陪同（某人）游览，给（某人）当导游；护送，护卫

Crisis

n. 危机，危急关头

考点

the economic crisis

to disclose the causes of the plastics crisis

Emergency

n. 紧急情况，突发事件

考点

an emergency meeting

emerge v. 出现 emergence n. 出现 emerging a. 新兴的

July 22

Imagine

v. 想象，设想；胡思乱想，误以为；（不确定或没有根据地）猜想，猜测

考点

imagination n. 想象；想象力；空想

imaginative adj. 富于想象力的；有独创性的

imaginary adj. 想象中的；虚构的

fictional

名人名言

Logic will get you from A to Z; imagination will get you everywhere.

Envisage

v. 设想，想象（未来可能发生的事），展望

考点

to explore the many possibilities we can envisage

Picture

n. 照片；图画；描绘；（脑中的）形象，印象；<比喻>情况，局面；影片

v. （以画面的形式）想象，构想；绘，画；拍摄；描绘，描述

考点

to consider the big picture

Envision

v. 想象，展望（尤指美好的事）

例句

When envisioning themselves in the future, they predicted that they would almost solely be driven by delayed benefits like salaries（月薪）.

wage 周薪

delayed gratification 延迟满足 instant gratification

考点

to envision law as having authority apart from politics

Conceive

v. 想象，设想（某一具体情况）；构思，想出（新的主意等）；怀孕

派生

conception n. 概念，观念，想法；构思，设想；怀孕

notion 观念

pregnant a. 怀孕的 pregnancy n.

Fancy

v. <非正式>喜欢，想要；爱慕，爱恋；想象，设想，认为

n. 喜爱，想要；空想；想象的事物

adj. 花哨的；奢华的；复杂的，需要高度技巧的

show fancy to / be fond of

Income

n. （工作的）收入，（投资的）收益

考点

to increase universities’ income from tuition

intuition 直觉

拓展

disposable income

可支配收入

Revenue

n. （公司、机构的）收益，收入；（政府的）税收

考点

revenues from readers and advertisers

Earnings

n. [复]收入，工资；（公司或国家的）利润，收益

Salary

n. （通常按月发的）薪金，工资

Wage

n. （按小时、日或周计算的）工资，薪金

v. 开展，发动（运动或战争）

例句

Legislation with teeth needs to be enacted to combat tobacco smuggling（走私） on an international scale, similar to the war we are waging against narcotics.

narcotics 麻醉剂 narcissism 自恋 narcissistic a. stimulant (a dope test 药检)

考点

to increase the minimum wage

Pay

n. 工资，薪水

v. 付款；偿还，缴纳；合算，值得；有利，有好处；（商店或公司）赢利，有收益；付出代价，给予（注意）

考点

to pay the bills

to keep the pay increases modest

派生

payment n. 付款额；支付

Profit

n. 利润，收益，盈利；益处，好处

v. （从某事中）获利（by/from）；有益于，对（某人）有好处（by/from）

考点

the desire for quick profits

派生

profitable adj. 有利可图的；有益的

Return

n. 归来，返回；（原来状态的）恢复；盈利，收益；往返票

v. 返回；归还；重新出现；（以相同的东西）回报；回答；产生（利润）

adj. 双程的，往返的

in return adv. 相应地

考点

in return for …

Indeed

adv. 当然，确定（用于强调）；实际上（用来补充内容以强调）；到底，究竟

Literally

adv. 按字面意思地，逐字的；的确，确实

literary adj. 文学的 literature n. literate a./n. 有文化的；学者

literal translation 逐字翻译

例句

If you relish adventure, you may literally see the world differently.

relish n. appetizer 开胃菜 + taste v. enjoy

Actually

adv. 的确；事实上

Lack

n./v. 缺乏，欠缺，不足

例句

The push toward technology-focused education overlooks the students who lack the resources needed to complete their assignments.

考点

a lack of funding

Shortage

n. 短缺，不足，缺乏（of）

考点

a shortage of well-paid jobs

Deficiency

n. 缺乏，不足（of）；缺点，毛病（in）

deficient a. 缺乏的 insufficient

Scarcity

n. 不足，短缺，稀少（of）

hardly/rarely/barely/scarcely/little/few/seldom = not

Absence

n. 缺席，不在；缺乏，没有

mind-absent

派生

absent adj. 不在的，缺席的；走神的 v. 缺席，不参加

名人名言

Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear — not absence of fear.

July 23

Material

n. 物质；材料；衣料，布料；素材，资料

adj. 物质的；实体的，有形的；重要的，实质性的

考点

to create superfluous（过多的） material goods

flu - = 流 affluent a. 富裕的

派生

materialism n. 实利主义，物质主义；唯物主义，唯物论

materialist n. 唯物主义者，唯物论者；物质主义者

over-consumerism 过度消费主义

Substance

n. 物品，东西，物质；重要性；实质，基本内容；事实基础，根据

substance abuse

派生

substantial adj. 大量的，相当程度的；重大的

Stuff

n. 东西，物品（用于事物名称不祥或不重要时）；作品；乐曲；艺术；（某人的）本质，品质

v. 填，塞；填满，装满

派生

In the absence of prices, lack of competition will show up in other ways: demanding more information from users than they want to give, for example; or irritating（激怒） them by stuffing their service chock-full(=full) of adverts.

Physical

adj. 身体的；物质的，有形的；物理学的，自然规律的

n. 体检

考点

physical product

Tangible

adj. 真实的，实在的，有形的；可触摸的，可感知的

intangible 无形的

考点

tangible inequities

拓展

tangible assets

有形资产

real/realty estate

property

Concrete

adj. 具体存在的，实在的，有形的；确实的，具体的（而非想象或猜测的）

n. 混凝土

abstract a./n. 抽象

ab- = off

考点

a concrete expression of crucial democratic values

Print

v. 印，印刷；（在报刊上）刊登，发表；出版，发行；印图案于；印上（印痕）

n. 印刷品；印刷业，出版界；印记，印痕；[+s]指纹

考点

in print

Stamp

n. 邮票；印章，印记；跺脚，顿足

v. 跺（脚），用力踩；在……上面印盖（图案、记号、字母等）；对……有重要（或永久性）的影响；贴邮票

例句

In 1979, IBM was putting its stamp on the American landscape.

Imprint

v. 在……上压印（或盖印）；铭记，使牢记

n. 印记，压痕；深刻印象，持久影响

Remember

v. 记得，想起，记住；（一般通过仪式）纪念，缅怀

Recall

v. 回想，回忆起；使联想起；召回（某人），收回（有问题的产品）；罢免（官员）

n. 记性，记忆力；召回；（因产品有问题的）收回；（政治职务的）罢免

例句

Their brains were scanned while they watched it and while they recalled the episode immediately afterwards, describing what they had seen.

考点

recall crisis

Recollect

v. 记起，想起，回忆起

put … together

派生

recollection n. 记忆中的往事；想起，记起

Memorize

v. 熟记；记住

派生

memory n. 记忆力；回忆，记忆；怀缅；储存器，内存

memorial n. 纪念物，（尤指）纪念碑 adj. 纪念的，悼念的

Reminisce

v. 缅怀往事，叙旧（about）

be reminiscent of

Commemorate

v. 纪念；庆祝，为……举行纪念活动

考点

to commemorate the leading painters

派生

commemoration n. 纪念；纪念活动

souvenir shop 纪念品店

Harvard The COOP

Respect

v. 尊敬，敬佩，敬重；尊重，顾及（某人的意愿、权利等）；遵守，尊重（规定或法律）

n. 尊敬，尊重；考虑；方面

考点

in respect of

in many respects(=aspect)

派生

respectable adj. （行为）体面的，正派的，受人尊敬的；好的，令人满意的

respectful adj. 有礼貌的；恭敬的

respective adj. 分别的，各自的

Revere

v. 尊敬，崇敬；尊……为（as）

Worship

v. 敬奉（神）；崇拜，景仰

n. 敬神，拜神；崇敬，仰慕

idol worship

考点

a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians

Esteem

n./v. 尊敬，敬重

拓展

self-esteem

自尊（心）

to have high/low self-esteem

dignity

Honor

n. 荣誉，崇敬，敬重；荣幸，光荣；荣誉称号（勋章或学位）；高尚品德的，气节

v. 授予……荣誉，表彰；使感到荣幸；尊重（某人）

拓展

in honor of sb./in sb.’s honor

have the honor of (doing) sth.

派生

honorable adj. 值得尊敬的；（行为）光荣的

honorary adj. 名誉的

fame

good reputation

Admire

v. 钦佩，仰慕，赞赏；欣赏，观赏

例句

To refuse to admire, to take no interest in what distinguished others are up to, is to shut ourselves off, grandly and implausibly（难以置信地）, from important knowledge.

派生

admiration n. 敬佩，钦佩；羡慕

admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；极其出色的

Adore

v. 深爱；敬慕，爱慕，崇敬

派生

adorable adj. 可爱的；讨人喜爱的

lovely cute

July 24

Address

n. 地址，网址；演讲，演说

v. 在（信封等）上写姓名和地址；寄给；向……讲话，致辞；称呼（某人）；提出（陈述、投诉等）；解决，处理（问题）

例句

We urgently need to move the debate on to how we address the causes and effects of dangerous climate change—because that’s where common sense demands our attention and efforts should be.

考点

What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?

Speech

n. 说话，言语；演说，演讲

考点

freedom of speech

派生

speechless adj. （因愤怒、难过等）说不出话的，哑口无言的

Lecture

n. （尤指大学里的）讲座，课，演讲；训斥，说教

v. （尤指在大学）教授，讲课，演讲；训斥，说教

考点

to lecture people

派生

lecturer n. （大学）讲师；（尤指大学的）演讲者

Treat

v. 对待，看待；处理，讨论；治疗，医治；款待

n. 意外的乐事，幸事；（给某人的）特别待遇，款待

例句

Over the past decade, the scholars, as well as others, have lobbied the government to treat mental health as aggressively as physical problems, and they have succeeded in prodding British authorities to start a program that now provides 550,000 people a year with evidence-based psychological and psychiatric treatments, Clark says.

Handle

v. 处理，应对；应付，对待（某人）；触，碰，拿；驾驶，驾驭

n. 拉手，把手；（理解、解决问题的）方法，途径

例句

In the case of this specific study, we’re getting a better handle on how widespread the problem is.

in case 万一

get a better handle on 对……有更好的处理方法/了解

考点

To handle the areas in serious danger first

Cope

v. （成功地）应付，对付；（系统或机器）能处理，能应付（with）

例句

Therapists who specialize in cognitive therapy, which teaches practical ways to cope with persistent and unwanted thoughts, may be particularly helpful.

Tackle

v. 对付，处理；与……交涉

考点

to tackle practical issues

Solve

v. 解决（问题）；解（题）

派生

solution n. 解决办法；答案；溶液

Supreme

adj. （权力、重要性或影响力）最高的，至高无上的；最强大的，最重要的；（程度）最大的，极度的

考点

the US Supreme Court

派生

supremacy n. 至高无上的；最高地位；优势

Utmost

adj. 极度的，最大的

n. 极度，极限，极致

Extreme

adj. 极度的，极大的；极端的，严重的；（尤指政治上）偏激的

n. 完全相反的事物；极度；极端

go to extremes

派生

extremity n. 尽头，末端；极端，偏激

Apparent

adj. 表面上的；貌似真实的；显而易见的，明白的

派生

apparently adv. 据说；似乎；看来

Obvious

adj. 明显的，显然的（尤指惊讶于别人对此未加注意）；无新意的，平淡无奇的

考点

“inventions” that are obvious

Evident

adj. 明显的；明白的

Distinct

adj. 有区别的，截然不同的；（尤指易于感知）清楚的，明显的；（可能性、感觉、特征等）确实存在的，不容忽视的

例句

The way people type at an office desk is distinct from when they’re slumped on their sofa at home.

派生

distinction n. 区别，不同；优秀；特质；特殊奖励，荣誉

distinctive adj. （特征、性格或外表）独特的，与众不同的

Conspicuous

adj. （因与周围事物不同）显眼的；引入注目的

例句

It is surprising that in his speech at the Edinburgh TV festival on the media, the biggest questions on the subject are conspicuous by their absence.

Plain

adj. 显而易见的，明显的；简单朴素的；坦白直率的；（相貌）普通的

adv. 简直；完全（用于强调）

n. 平原

Transparent

adj. 透明的；（语言或信息）清楚易懂的，显而易见的；（谎言、借口等）易识破的

派生

transparency n. 透明；透明度；幻灯片

July 25

Encourage

v. 鼓励，激励；劝告，鼓动；助长，促进

例句

Triclosan is so widespread that there are concerns that this may encourage bacteria to evolve resistance to it, posing a problem for hospitals that use antibacterials to prevent infections spreading.

考点

to encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships

派生

encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的；振奋人心的

Inspire

v. 鼓舞，激励；使（某人）产生（某种感情或反应），激起，唤起；给（某人）创作灵感

考点

to inspire astronomers（天文学家） today to explore the heavens

astronaut n. 宇航员

astr- = star

派生

inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的

inspiration n. 灵感；灵感来源；（突然想到的）妙计

Rouse

v. 唤醒；激励，使振奋（尤当对方很疲倦或不愿意做某事时）；激起（愤怒、恐惧等）

Arouse

v. 激起，引起（感情、态度）；使行动起来，激发；唤醒

考点

to arouse their interest

Push

v. 推；推动（增长或降低）；推行，推进；说服，力劝；鼓励，鞭策

n. 推；进攻，攻势；矢志的追求，坚定的努力；鼓励，激励

例句

Republican governors have denounced the rule, particularly its emphasis on pushing cap-and-trade systems; in his first term, Mr. Obama tried but failed to send a cap-and-trade bill through Congress.

派生

pushy adj. 咄咄逼人的，执意强求的

Motivate

v. 成为……的动机；激发，激励，促动

例句

You can similarly motivate yourself to engage in you work by directing attention to the positive aspects of your tasks.

拓展

motivation n. 动力，积极性；动机，原因

名人名言

My hope was never to build a company. I was driven by a sense of purpose to connect people and bring us closer together. The company has to be successful for us to keep going, but the real motivation is creating positive social change in the world.

Spur

v. 鼓励，激励；促进，加速

n. 激励因素；鼓舞，鞭策

例句

Reinventing everything from transportation and energy Infrastructure to homes and the appliances they contain will not only spur whole new industries, but also create vast numbers of jobs.

Incite

v. 鼓励，煽动，鼓动（暴力或违法行为）

Excite

v. 使兴奋，使激动；引起，激动

Fan

n. ……迷，狂热爱好者；风扇，扇子

v. 扇（风）；煽起，激起（强烈情感）

例句

The Titanic disaster has long fanned conspiracy theories, Among them that it was not the Titanic that sank on April 15, 1912, but, rather the Olympic, its sister ship; that the Titanic was torpedoed（鱼雷击沉） by a German U-boat; or that the ship was brought down by a sarcophagus（石棺） containing an Egyptian priestess’s mummy.

-ess -ine 女性后缀

priest 祭师 priestess 女祭司

feminine a. 女性的 feminism n. 女权主义

actor actress / hero heroine

Urge

v. 敦促，力劝；竭力主张，强烈要求；

n. 强烈的欲望，迫切的要求，冲动

例句

Teachers can spend several weeks a year urging voters to support their political patron.

派生

urgent adj. 紧急的，急迫的；急切的

urgency n. 紧急，击破；紧急情况

Persuade

v. 劝说，说服；使相信，使信服

派生

persuasion n. 说服，劝说；（尤指政治或宗教的）信仰

persuasive adj. 有说服力的

Convince

v. 使确信，使信服；说服，劝服

考点

be convinced by such bombast（夸大的言辞）

be happy to convince people with bad arguments

派生

convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的

Lobby

v. 游说，试图说服（从政者或政府）

n. 大堂，大厅；游说团体

考点

a lobby group

July 26

Chief

n. 首领，负责人；酋长，部落首领

adj. 首席的；主要的，最重要的

考点

editor in chief

Major

adj. 主要的，重要的，大的

n. 主修课程，专业；大型企业

v. 主修，专攻（in）

例句

Unlike shares in oil majors like Exxon Mobil and Chevron, coal is not must-hold stock for investors.

拓展

majority

n. 多数，大多数；成年的法定年龄

Prime

adj. （原因、目的、目标等）最重要的，首要的；质量最好的，一流的；典型的

n. 全盛时期；最成功时期

v. 使准备好（应付某一情况）；促使，刺激

考点

to prime us to read 20 percent faster

be in their prime

拓展

prime minister

首相；总理

Primary

adj. 首要的，主要的；小学教育的；原始的，最初的

派生

primarily adv. 主要的

Predominant

adj. 普遍的，显著的；占主导地位的

dominate 统治

domestic politics/violence 内政/家暴

派生

predominantly adv. 绝大多数，主要地

Principal

adj. 最重要的；主要的

n. 校长；负责人

考点

a principal energy source

Foremost

adj. 最重要的；最好的

考点

England’s foremost classical-music critics

Premier

adj. 首要的；最好的

n. 总理；首相

Staple

adj. 主要的；基本的；重要的

n. 主要成分，主食；订书钉

例句

Bread is a staple food on Earth but can be life-threatening in space.

Core

n. 果核；（事物的）核心，最重要部分；核心成员

adj. 核心的；最主要的；基本的

cordial 衷心的

考点

to face an acute crisis in its economic core

Cut

v. 削减，减少（尤指大量减少成本、工作岗位或时间）；切，割，剪；凿，刻；修剪，裁剪；删减

n. 切口；伤口；[常用复数]（规模或数量的）削减，缩减，裁减

例句

The focus on academic “skills and drills” has cut deeply into recess and other time for free play.

fire drill 消防演习

考点

to force some states to cut sales tax

Carve

v. 雕，刻；切；成功获得（所要的工作、职务、生活等）；减少，削减

例句

Breaking up such monopolies as America’s regulators once carved up Standard Oil and AT&T — is good for consumers and the economy as a whole.

Chop

v. 砍，剁，切；<非正式>大幅度削减（钱）

Clip

v. 修剪；削减，缩短

n. 回形针，夹子；（电影等的）片段

trim

拓展

movie clip

片花

movie trailer

预告片

Shave

v. 剃须，（尤指）刮脸；（少量地）削减，调低，降价

Slash

v. （用刀、剑等）砍，劈；大幅度削减（数量、价格等）

n. 砍，劈，猛削

例句

The internet slashed that price to zero.

Slit

v. 切开；裁开；撕开

n. 狭长的切口；狭缝

Scratch

v. 挠；（尤指意外）擦破，划损；取消，撤销

n. 划痕，擦痕

head-scratching

Scrape

v. 刮除；（使）摩擦，擦伤，刮坏

n. 刮擦声；擦伤；擦痕

Sculpture

n. 雕像；雕塑

v. 雕刻

sculpt

Conscious

adj. 意识到的；有意识的；神志清醒的；慎重的，有意的；特别感兴趣的，关注的

考点

a conscious effort to escape from our situation

派生

consciousness n. 思想，意识；清醒状态，知觉；（政治、生活等方面的）观念，看法

Aware

adj. 明白的，意识到的；注意到的，察觉到的；有……意识的

考点

be aware of the significance of what they are doing

派生

awareness n. 知道；认识；意识；兴趣

Mindful

adj. 意识到的，留心的，注意的

Decline

v. （尤指好的事物）减少，变少；拒绝，谢绝（提议或邀请）

n. 下降，减少，衰落

例句

But intelligent deference to tradition and stability can evolve into intellectual sloth（怠惰） and moral fanaticism, as when conservatives simply decline to look up from dogma because the effort to raise their heads and reconsider is too great.

考点

the decline in American manufacturing

Drop

v. 使落下，扔；（尤指大量）降低，减少；中途放下；停止，放弃；顺便造访，临时拜访（in）

n. （液体的）滴；少量；下降，减少；落差

考点

to drop weight

Slide

v. （使）滑行，滑动；（使）悄悄移动；（价格等）下滑，下跌；（货币）贬值

n. （价格、数量等的）下降，跌落；（情况）变糟，恶化；滑动，滑行；崩塌

Lessen

v. （使）降低，减少；减弱，减轻

考点

to lessen the blow

Lower

v. 降低，减少，缩小（水平限制或数量）

Reduce

v. 降低（价格）；减少（数量）；缩小（尺寸）

派生

reduction n. （尺寸、价格或数量的）缩小；减少；下降

Diminish

v. （使）减少，降低；削弱，贬低（重要性或价值）

例句

Yet the problem is often overlooked during routine checkups, which not only diminishes the quality of an older person’s life but may also cause or aggravate physical and emotional disorders, including symptoms of cognitive loss.

Decrease

v. （使）减少，降低

n. 减少，降低

Tumble

v. （使）摔倒，跌落；（价格或数量）暴跌，骤降

n. （尤指从高处的）倒下，跌落；（水平的）下降

例句

This binary way of thinking, seeing retirement as a cliff edge over which workers and consumers suddenly tumble, bears little relation to the real world.

Narrow

v. （使）变窄；（使）（范围、差距等）缩小，缩减

adj. 狭窄的；狭隘的；勉强的，刚刚好的；（种类或数目的）有限的；狭义的

考点

to narrow the scope of protections

派生

narrowly adv. 勉强地，刚好地；狭隘地；小心仔细地

Dilute

v. （使）稀释，冲淡；（用掺杂的方法）削弱（力量），降低（价值）

adj. 稀释过的，冲淡的

decompose 分解

Sink

v. （使）下沉；（价值、数量、质量或强度）下降，下跌；跌坐，颓然坐下；陷入（糟糕状态）；（情绪）变低落；将（金钱、精力）投入

n. 洗碗槽；盥洗池

Reject

v. 拒绝接受（想法、提议等）；不录用；冷落，嫌弃

考点

to reject attractive female applicants

派生

rejection n. 拒绝；拒绝录用；嫌弃，厌弃

Refuse

v. 拒绝，不接受

派生

refusal n. 拒绝，回绝

Withhold

v. 拒绝给予；扣留

with- = back

withdraw 撤销 wither 凋零，退化

Negative

adj. 有害的；消极的；否定的；（结果）呈阴性的；（数量）负的

n. 否定；坏的（或有害的）事情

考点

to reduce the possible negative effects of curiosity

his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions（越界）

gress = go

Adverse

adj. 不利的，有害的，反面的

派生

adversity n. 逆境，不幸，厄运

grow up under the adversity

名人名言

Out of adversity comes opportunity.

Pessimistic

adj. 悲观的，悲观主义的

pessimistic - pessimism

optimistic - optimism

opt- = 选择 option

July 27

Period

n. 一段时间，时期；（某人生活或历史上的）阶段，时代；学时，课时；句号

考点

a painful period of unsustainability

派生

periodic adj. 定期的，周期性的

periodical n. （尤指学术）期刊 adj. 定期的，周期性的

annual n. 年刊

periodically adv. 定期地，周期性地

Phase

n. 阶段；时期

v. 使……逐步进行，使……分阶段进行

phrase 短语

h不发音 prose 诗歌，散文

exhausted / inexhaustible（用之不竭的）

Stage

n. 发展时期，阶段；步骤；舞台；戏剧表演

v. 组织，筹划（公众活动）；上演，举办，举行；使发生，使出现

例句

As bitcoin prices staged their recent run-up, the country’s foreign exchange reserves fell below $3 trillion, their lowest level in six years.

Era

n. （以某些特殊事件为标志的）时代，时期

考点

in previous eras of drastic technological change

Epoch

n. [比era更正式]时代，时期

Chapter

n. （图书等的）章节；（人生或历史的）时期，时代

Session

n. （议会等的）会议；（法庭的）开庭；（某项活动的）一段时间；学年

Duration

n. 持续时间

Date

n. 日期，日子；时期，年代；（异性）约会

v. 在……上标明日期；确定……的年代；约会；（衣服、艺术等）过时

blind date 相亲

考点

date back to

out of date

拓展

Leonard: I’ve dated plenty of women. There was Joyce Kim, Leslie Winkle.

Sheldon: Notify the editors of the Oxford English Dictionary, the word “plenty” has been redefined to mean “two”.

Term

n. （工作、居住的）期限，（政党、政府的）任期；学期；术语，措辞；（协议等的）条款

v. 把……称为，把……叫做

term/consider A (as) B

考点

in terms of

Plant

n. 植物；工厂；发电厂

v. 种植，栽种；放置，安置；灌输（思想），（使思想、信念等）根植于

考点

a nuclear power plant

派生

plantation n. 种植园；人造林

Sow

v. 播（种）；散布，激起（会在将来产生不良影响的事物）

例句

But this then creates a false equivalence between an overwhelming scientific consensus and a lobby, heavily funded by vested（既得利益的） interests, that exists simply to sow doubt to serve those interests.

an overwhelming number of

Seed

n. 种子，籽；起源，起因，开端，萌芽

v. 播种，结籽；在……播种

Station

n. 车站；广播电台；社会地位，身份；岗位，位置

v. 安置，使驻扎

Instill

v. 逐渐灌输（或培养）（思想、行为方式或感受）

A good teacher can inspire hope, ignite the imagination, and instill a love of learning.

Root

n. 根；（问题的）根源，起因；起源，基础

v. （使）生根；扎根

例句

The sports team you’ve rooted for your whole life loses a championship game or series.

Prize

n. 奖品，奖赏，奖金；有价值的事物

v. 珍视，高度重视

例句

Leather, prized for its durability and suppleness（柔软度）, is a business worth $100bn a year.

Award

n. 奖品，奖金；报酬，薪水

v. 授予，给予（奖品或奖金）；奖励

考点

a string of lucrative(=profitable 有利可图的) awards

lure- 勾引

Medal

n. 奖章；勋章

v. （尤指在奥运会上）赢得奖牌

Trophy

n. （比赛等赢得的）奖杯，奖牌；战利品

Bonus

n. 奖金，红利；意外收获，额外的好处

windfall 意外之财，外快

an apple or other fruit blown down by wind

Dividend

n. 红利，股息；<主英>奖金；[+s]汇报，收益

Premium

n. 保险费；额外费用；额外补贴，津贴；奖品，奖金

例句

“For many workers, rising health insurance premiums were eating up every last cent of their pay increases and more,” the study said.

Project

n. 项目，工程；（学校的）课题，研究项目；方案，计划

v. （利用已知信息）预计，推断；凸出，突出；放映，投射；计划，规划；展现，表现；把（情感、想法）投射（到他人身上）

ject = throw

inject

例句

Globally, the report said, life expectancy is projected to rise to 77 years in 2045-50 and 83 years in 2095-2100, from 70 years in 2010-15.

派生

projector n. 投影仪；电影放映机

projection n. （对于未来情况的）预测，（对过去的）估算；投射，放映

Program

n. （重大的）计划，方案；节目；（机器工作的）程序

v. 编程；预调，设置（机器使之按某种方式运作）；安排，计划

Forecast

n. 预报，预测（尤用于天气、经济情况或政治局势）

v. 预测，预言

cast light on 阐明

考点

to make evidence-based forecasts

Predict

v. 预言，预测，预告

考点

to predict a drug’s efficacy

派生

predictable adj. 可预测的；可预料的

prediction n. 预言，预测

Foresee

v. 预知；预见，预料

Protect

v. 保护，防护；为……提供保险

派生

protection n. 保护，防护；承保范围；保护国民自由的法律或措施

protective adj. 保护的，防护的，爱护的

Defend

v. 防御，保护，防卫；辩解，辨白；卫（冕）；维护，替……辩护

考点

to defend his own made-in-Mexico clothing line

派生

defendant n. 被告

defensive adj. 防御的，防卫的；戒备的，怀有戒心的

defense n. [=defence]防御，保卫；国防；辩护，辩词

Guard

v. 保卫，守卫；捍卫（权利），保守（秘密）

n. 警卫，看守；保卫，保护

考点

the security guard

派生

guardian n. 监护人；保护者

custody n. 保管，监护 custodian （有血缘关系的）监护人

guarded adj. 谨慎的，有保留的，提防的

Safeguard

v. 保护，保卫

n. 保障条款，保护措施

Secure

adj. 稳固的，可靠的；安全的；有自信的

v. （尤指经过大量努力）获得，得到；使安全，保护；缚牢，系紧；为……担保

考点

be illegally secured

派生

security n. 保护措施，安全工作；安保部门；保障，保护；[securities]证券

Shield

n. 盾，盾牌；保护者（或物），屏障

v. 护卫，保护

例句

In principle, this need not be worrisome: Rules can be written to shield individual species as needed.

Insure

v. 为……投保；承保；保护（某人免遭意外）（against）

派生

insurance n. 保险；保险业；保险费；保障，预防措施

July 28

Purpose

n. 意图，目的，目标；决心

v. <正式>旨在，以……为目标，企图做，决意做

例句

One overall purpose in their job: Don’t let a company become complacent in thinking it can take on more risk by assuming government or creditors will rescue it.

complacence 自满，满足

派生

purposeful adj. 有明确目标的；坚决的

Target

n. 靶子；目标，对象；（想要在总量上达到）目标，指标

v. 瞄准；以……为目标（或对象）；把……作为攻击目标（或批评的对象）

dart 飞镖，急冲

例句

Less than half of he people targeted by these lenders have any college education, and the number of such households sent direct mail by these lenders doubled between 2012 and 2014.

Object

n. 实物，物体；目标，目的；对象；宾语

v. 不赞成，反对

考点

an object of obsession

派生

objection n. 反对的理由；反对，异议

objective adj. 客观存在的，真实的；不带个人感情的，客观的 n. （尤指商业或政治方面的）目标，目的

subjective 主观的

Goal

n. （需要努力达成的）目标，目的；球门；进球

Destination

n. 目的地，终点；目标，目的

Aim

v. 意在，旨在；力求达到；针对；瞄准

n. 目的，目标；（射击等的）准头，准确性

考点

to aim at reducing smoking among teenagers

Intend

v. 打算，计划；意指，意思是

例句

American Electric Power is among the companies that intends to sue the administration over the rule.

拓展

be intended for

为……而设；为……而准备

派生

intention n. 意图；打算

intentional adj. 故意的；有意的

deliberate 故意的

Review

v. 检查，审查；给（书、电影等）写评论；回顾，反思；（尤指为准备考试）复习

n. 检查，审查；评论，评论文章；报告，汇报，回顾；复习，温习

考点

to find external statisticians to review these manuscripts

scrip / scrib = write

peer review

派生

reviewer n. 评论家，评论员

Scrutiny

n. 细看，仔细审查，彻底的检查

scru- = screw 螺丝

例句

Others will incur more scrutiny, including a risk-assessment algorithm, but those found to be low- and medium-risk will generally be allowed to leave jail under varying degrees of supervision.

派生

scrutinize v. 认真检查，仔细查看，细致审查

Remark

v. 评论；谈到，说到（尤指刚察觉的事）

n. 言论；意见，评论

Comment

v. 发表意见，评论

n. 评论，意见；（对某人所作所为的）批评，议论

考点

to comment on or modify that content

be contented with 对……满足

派生

commentary n. 实况解说，现场报道；评注，评述

Criticism

n. 批评，批判；指责；（书、电影、音乐等的）评论

Critique

n. 评论（文章）

v. 评论（文艺作品）

Retrospect

n. 回顾，回想

考点

in retrospect

派生

retrospective adj. 回顾的，回想的

Revision

n. 修订，修改；修订稿；复习，温习

Scale

n. 规模，范围，程度；等级，级别；比例（尺）；刻度

v. 攀登，翻越；（按比例）缩放

考点

on a scale of one to five

on an industrial scale

to scale back on business-method patents

Degree

n. 程度，数量；级别；度数；（大学的）学位课程，学位

拓展

to a degree

在一定程度上

Extent

n. 程度，范围，规模，大小

考点

to a certain extent

Magnitude

n. 巨大，重要性；（尺寸、规模、重要性等）大的程度

Hierarchy

n. 等级制度；统治集团；层次，级别

派生

hierarchical adj. 等级制度的；等级森严的

Ratio

n. 比率；比例

Proportion

n. 部分，份额；比例；（某物各组成部分的）相称，均衡，协调；[+s]大小，规模

v. 使相称，使成比例

例句

We may also reflect that it gave him the sense of proportion all presidents need if they are to elevate their office into the realm of statesmanship.

派生

proportional adj. 成比例的；均衡的

proportionate adj. 成比例的；相称的

Ascend

v. 攀登；（楼梯、路）上升，升高；升迁，升职；（君主）登基，即位

ascend - ascent

descend - descent

Mount

v. 组织，开展（活动或展览等）；逐步增加；登上；骑上（马、自行车等）；安装，镶嵌

n. 坐骑，马；（用于山名前）山

考点

the challenge the computer mounts to television

派生

mounting adj. 越来越多的

Senior

adj. 职位（或地位）高级的，资深的；较年长的；高水平的；（中学或大学）毕业年级的

n. 毕业班学生；较年长者；职位（或地位）较高者，上级

例句

We are fighting to keep New York a place that seniors, the middle class and families trying to make it to the middle class can actually afford.

考点

senior executives

senior managers

派生

seniority n. 年资，资历；职位高

Superior

adj. 更好的，更强的；高级的，优质的；上司的，上级的；有优越感的，高傲的

n. 上级，上司

考点

superior intelligence

拓展

(be) superior to

比……好；优于；胜于

派生

superiority n. 优势，优越性；优越感

inferior 劣等的 inferiority

Upper

adj. （位置）较高的，上面的；（在某一机构、体系等中）较高级的，较重要的；上游的

考点

an upper middle-class home

Elder

adj. 年龄较长的，年长的

n. 长者，长辈

派生

elderly adj. 年长的，上年纪的

July 29

Authority

n. 政府部门；[the authorities]当局，官方；权威，威严；权威人士，专家；（正式的）许可，授权

派生

authoritative adj. 权威的；有威信的

authorize v. 授权，批准，许可

Expert

n. 行家，专家

adj. 专家的，内行的

派生

expertise n. 专门技术；专业知识；专长

Specialist

n. 专家；专科医生

Professional

adj. 职业的，专业的；内行的

n. 专业人员，专家

Master

v. 掌握，精通；控制住（强烈的情绪）

n. 主人；专家，能手，大师；硕士

考点

to master the intricacies of wholesaling

wholesale 批发

intricate adj. 复杂的

派生

mastery n. 掌握，精通；统治，控制

Sanction

n. [+s]（对某国的）制裁；正式许可，批准；处罚，惩罚

v. （官方的）许可，批准；惩罚，实施制裁

例句

Congress should produce an annual report on international tobacco smuggling, and we should sanction bad actors by cutting off their access to the international financial system.

Consent

n. 许可，允许；同意，赞同

v. 同意；允许

例句

Scientists can then use this data for research, to the extent that each user consents to.

Chance

n. 可能性；机会，机遇；巧合，偶然

adj. 偶然的；意外的

v. 碰巧发生；冒险做（某事）

例句

Scientists used to think having another person around helped survival in a very practical way: if you fall ill (or fall over), you stand a better chance of getting the help you need if there’s someone by your side.

考点

by chance = by accident

intentionally / deliberately / by design

Odds

n. 困难，不利条件；[the odds]（事物发生的）可能性

例句

The odds that you exist in this world is very small.

考点

at odds with

Likelihood

n. 可能，可能性

Prospect

n. （发生好事情的）可能性；前景，展望；即将发生的事；[+s]成功的机会

例句

While the prospect of a sugar tax has generally been well received by consumers, they have found some drinks harder to swallow minus（n./a. 负数） the sugar.

考点

economic prospects

派生

prospective adj. 有望的，可能的；可能很快发生的

Opportunity

n. 机会，时机

Accident

n. 交通事故，车祸；意外遭遇；意外，偶然

拓展

by accident

偶然，意外地

Coincidence

n. 巧合，巧事；同时发生

incident n. 事件

Conjunction

n. 同时（或同地）发生；（不同事物的）巧合

conj. 连词

拓展

in conjunction with

连同……

Concept

n. 概念，观念，想法

派生

conceptual adj. 概念（上）的，观念（上）的

Notion

n. 概念，观点，看法

no- / not- = know

派生

notional adj. 理论上的，概念上的

Conclude

v. 得出结论；推断，断定；（使）结束，终止

-clude = close

exclude → exclusive

派生

conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束；结尾

conclusive adj. 结论性的；令人确信的，毫无疑问的

Deduce

v. 推论，推断，演绎

induce → inducement 诱因

派生

deducible adj. 可以推断的，能推论的

Infer

v. （根据资料）推断，推定

-fer = take

派生

inference n. 推论，推断；推断结果

Terminate

v. （使）终止，结束；到达终点站

派生

termination n. 结束，终止，停止

terminal adj. （疾病）晚期的，不治的；末端的，终点的 n. 末端，终点；终点站，集散地；（飞机）航站楼；电子终端

pause 终止 suspend suspension 暂停，悬停

Expire

v. （正式文件）到期，过期，失效；（任期）届满

例句

A highly efficient parking enforcement officer slaps a ticket on your windshield two minutes after the meter expired.

考点

(be) set to expire in 2015

Couple

n. 一对，一双；一些，几个；夫妻，情侣

v. 连接；结合，加上（with）

例句

Millions of gas boilers will need to be replaced with hydrogen alternatives and coupled with electric heating devices if Britain is to hit its carbon targets at the lowest cost, according to the government’s climate advisers.

Pair

n. 一双，一对

v. （使）结成一对，配成一对

Combine

v. （使）结合，联合；兼有，兼备（不同特点或品质）；同时做（两件不同的事）

n. 联盟，联合（体）；集团

考点

to combine labor and machines

派生

combination n. 结合，联合，混合；联合体

combined adj. 结合的，联合的；总和的，总计的

Integrate

v. （使）合并，结合（从而变得更有效）；（使）融入（某群体或社会）；（使）成为一体

派生

integration n. 结合；一体化

integrity 整体性，正直

July 30

Damage

v. 损害，损坏，损伤

n. 损坏；损害，危害；[+s]损害赔偿金

例句

In an interview, Richard de Kerbrech, a marine engineer based on the Isle of Wight who has written two books on the Titanic disaster, said that the fire would have damaged the ship’s bulkhead, a wall of steel within the ship’s hull, and made it more vulnerable after it was pierced by an iceberg.

per- = full / through

pierce 刺穿

Destroy

v. 毁坏，破坏；消灭，杀死

派生

destruction n. 破坏；毁灭；消灭

destructive adj. 破坏（性）的；毁灭（性）的

Spoil

v. 毁掉，破坏（某事物的美或趣味等）；宠坏，溺爱；犒赏；（使）（食物）变坏

n. 战利品；成功的附带好处

例句

Thailand’s Maya Bay, location for the film The Beach, was shut to tourists who came in such large numbers that they spoiled the place they were meant to enjoy.

Ruin

v. 毁坏；使破产

n. 毁掉，毁灭；破产；废墟，遗迹；崩溃；毁灭的原因，祸根

考点

to ruin a fantastic home purchase

派生

ruinous adj. 毁灭性的；导致破产的；严重受损的

Wreck

v. 破坏，糟蹋；使失事，使毁坏

n. 失事的船只（等）；损毁的建筑；交通事故

例句

Similarly, smugging can wreck a country’s ability to control the supply and price of tobacco, which is critical to any country’s strategy to curb tobacco consumption.

派生

wreckage n. （飞机、船只、建筑物等被毁后的）残骸；（关系、希望、计划等遭破坏后的）残余

Crush

v. 压坏，压碎；镇压（叛乱）

n. 拥挤的人群；迷恋，爱慕

Smash

v. 打碎；猛撞，猛击；摧毁

n. 撞击声；严重的交通事故

Impair

v. 削弱，损害，损伤

例句

They may spend hours lying awake in bed worrying about being unable to sleep, and the anxiety itself impairs their ability to sleep.

Harm

n./v. 损害，危害，伤害

拓展

it does no harm to do sth.

不妨做某事

派生

harmful adj. 有害的；可致伤害的

harmless adj. 无害的；无恶意的

Undermine

v. 逐渐削弱（或损害）；暗中破坏

Decide

v. 决定，决断；裁决，判决

派生

decision n. 决定，抉择；决心，决断力；判决，裁决

decisive adj. 决定性的，关键的；果断的；确定的，明确的

Determine

v. 决定，左右，直接影响；确定，查明；决心（做某事）

拓展

It is how you plough through(=go through) the tough moment, not how you immerse yourself in happy hours, that determines your altitude.

考点

to determine their individual worth

派生

determination n. 决心，毅力；（正式的）决定；查明，测定

make a determination in …… = make up one’s mind

determined adj. 有决心的，意志坚定的

Resolve

v. 解决（问题）；（尤指通过投票）做出决议；下定决心

n. 决心；决意

例句

Even after those shortages were resolved, the drugs didn’t settle back down at their original prices.

派生

resolute adj. 坚决的；坚定的；果断的

resolution n. 决心；解决；分辨率

Settle

v. 解决（问题），达成（协议），结束（争论），调解（纠纷）；确定，决定；结清，结算；定居，安顿；（使）平静，镇静（down）；（灰尘、雪等）降落，（鸟、昆虫等）停落

派生

settlement n. （争议双方的）协议，和解；定居点

Depend

v. 视……而定，决定于（on）；依靠，信赖（on）

派生

dependent adj. （经济或感情上）依靠的，依赖的；由……决定的

dependence n. 依靠，依赖；酒瘾，毒瘾

dependable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的

Rely

v. 依赖，依靠（on）；信赖，信任（on）

lean on 依靠 against 抵住

例句

Publishers have long considered Facebook a kind of frenemy—increasingly relying on the social network to spread their stories but often wary of depending too much on one medium to reach an audience.

派生

reliance n. 依赖，依靠；信任，信赖

reliable adj. 可靠的，可信赖的；真实可信的

July 31

Remove

v. 移走，搬走；清除，除去；解除（职务），开除；摘掉，脱掉；废除，取消

例句

Some firms are taking a hard line against people copying their products. One option is to send intellectual-property “takedown” notices requiring people to remove their digital models from the internet.

派生

removal n. 消除，去除；废除；免职，开除

名人名言

It’s better to keep your mouth shut and appear stupid than open it and remove all doubt.

Eliminate

v. 消除，根除；消灭，铲除；（比赛中）淘汰

eradicate v. 根除，消灭 radi- 根

evacuate v. 清空，撤退

例句

It is unlikely that lying will be completely eliminated, but with the right encouragement, it can be dramatically lessened.

考点

to eliminate the negative effects

派生

elimination n. 消除，排除；淘汰

Eradicate

v. 消灭；根除

Erase

v. 擦掉，抹去（文字）；抹去（想法、情感、记忆的痕迹），忘却；杀死，消灭，消除；删除（计算机文件）

Wipe

v. 擦，拭，揩；彻底去除（或消灭）；抹掉，擦掉（磁带上的录音、录像或磁盘上的信息）

n. 擦，拭，揩；（用完即弃的）湿巾，湿纸巾

例句

A new study provides stunning estimates: For the bottom 60 percent of U.S. workers, wage gains have been completely wiped out by contributions for employer-provided health insurance.

Rid

v. 使摆脱；使除掉

拓展

get rid of

摆脱

Delete

v. 删除，删去

Cancel

v. 取消（协议或安排）；撤销，废除；宣告（婚姻、结果或协议）无效

考点

to cancel your travel plan

派生

cancellation n. 取消，撤销，注销，抵消；文字删除

Lift

v. （用手或机器）抬起，提起，举起；解除（某项规定或法规），撤销（限制）；空运（人或物）；增加，提高（价格、利润）；（云、雾）散开

n. 电梯；搭便车；（价格、数量等的）上涨；鼓舞，振奋

give me a lift

Abolish

v. 废除，废止（尤指已存在很久的法律、制度等）

考点

to abolish special requirements

派生

abolition n. （法律或制度的）废除，废止

Expel

v. （尤指因犯法或政治原因而）驱逐（外国人）；（从学校或组织中正式）开除；排除（空气、水、气体等）（= gas emission）

expulsion n. 驱逐 propulsion n. 推力

drop out v. 退学 dropout

drop in 顺道拜访

Epidemic

n. （疾病的）流行；蔓延，盛行，猖獗

adj. 流行（性）的；流传极广的，盛行的

考点

epidemic flu

social epidemics

Popular

adj. 受欢迎的；（文化活动或产品）通俗的；（信仰、态度）普遍的，多数人的

派生

popularity n. 流行，普及，受欢迎；声望

Widespread

adj. 分布广的；广泛流传的

考点

widespread illegal telephone hacking

Sweeping

adj. 影响大的，范围广的，彻底的；笼统的，概括的

weep v. 哭泣，抽泣

例句

But the new law proved to be more sweeping than lawmakers realized, protecting as it does every sort and size of plant and animal on public and private lands.

Prevailing

adj. 流行的，盛行的

prevalent

Plague

n. 瘟疫；灾难，祸患；烦心事

v. 困扰，折磨

Outbreak

n. （暴力活动、疾病等的）爆发，突然发生

考点

the outbreak of swine flu

Eventual

adj. 最终的，最后的

派生

eventually adv. 终于，最终

Ultimate

adj. 最后的，最终的；根本的，首要的；决定的，终极的

派生

ultimately adv. 最终，最后；根本上，归根到底

Final

adj. 最后的，最终的；不可改变的，决定性的

派生

finally adv. 终于，总算；最后

finalize v. 最后定下，使（计划、交易等）确定

Identify

v. 认出，识别；确定，发现；是等同于；认为有紧密联系

例句

Some use the technology only to weed out automated attacks and suspicious transactions, but others are going significantly further, amassing tens of millions of profiles that can identify customers by how they touch, hold and tap their devices.

amass v. 积累

派生

identification n. 识别，鉴定；（对某物的）确定，发现；身份证明；情感相通，认同；紧密关联

Recognize

v. （尤因以前见过或听过而）认识，认出；认可，正式承认；意识到；表彰；赞赏，公认

考点

to recognize losses on long-term assets

派生

recognition n. 认识，认出；认可，正式承认；表彰；赞赏，肯定

Pinpoint

v. 查明，准确地说出（或描述事实真相）；为……准确定位

acupuncture v./n. 针灸

acu- = acute punc- = punch 钻孔，拳击

punctual a. 准时的

Diagnose

v. 诊断（疾病等）；判断（所存在问题的性质）

考点

to diagnose human ills