相似度计算的python实现

  在数据挖掘中有很多地方要计算相似度,计算相似度有欧几里德距离、曼哈顿距离、皮尔逊相关度、Jaccard系数和Tanimoto系数等等,这里暂时列出以下几种计算方法。

k-近邻算法

   最近打算系统的回顾一下机器学习算法,所以以《机器学习实战》为依据,这次就由k-近邻算法开始回顾。

FP-growth算法

  你用过搜索引擎吗?输入一个单词或者一个单词的一部分,搜索引擎就会自动补全查询词项。用户甚至事先都不知道搜索引擎推荐的东西是否存在,反而会去查找推荐词项。那么这些推荐词项是如何被搜索引擎找到的?那是因为研究人员使用了FP-growth算法,它是基于Apriori构建的,但完成相同任务时将数据集存储在一个特定的称作FP树的结构之后发现频繁项集或频繁项对,即常在一起出现的元素项的集合FP树。这是一种比Apriori执行速度更快的算法,能高效地发现频繁项集,但不能用于发现关联规则。

Apriori算法

  很多人都听说过“尿布和啤酒”的故事:据说,美国中西部的一家连锁店发现,男人们去超市买尿布的同时,往往会顺便给自己购买啤酒。由此,卖场开始把啤酒和尿布摆放在相同区域,让男人可以同时找到这两件商品,从而获得了很好的销售收入。虽然并没有商店真的把这两样东西放在一起,但是很多商家确实将大家经常购买的物品放在一起捆绑销售以鼓励大家购买。那么我们如何在繁杂的数据发现这些隐含关系呢?这就需要关联分析(association analysis),本文所讨论的Apriori便是其中一种关联分析算法。

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screening assays High‐throughput methods Histopathology Human neural stem cells Human skin equivalent Hydrogel Hydrogel hypoxia Hydrogels ImageJ Immune checkpoint blockade Immune-cell infiltration Immunoassay Immunological surveillance Immunotherapy In vitro tests In vivo mimicking Induced hepatocytes Innervation Insulin resistance Insulin signaling Interferon‐gamma Intestinal stem cells Intracellular delivery Intratumoral heterogeneity JRPG Jaccard coefficient JavaScript July June KNN Kidney-on-a-chip Lab-on-a-chip Laptop Large scale Lattice resoning Leica Leukapheresis Link Lipid metabolism Liquid biopsy Literature Liver Liver microenvironment Liver spheroid Luminal mechanics Lung cells MOE Machine Learning Machine learning Macro Macromolecule delivery Macroporous microgel scaffolds Magnetic field Magnetic sorting Malignant potential Mammary tumor organoids Manhattan distance Manual Materials science May Mechanical forces Melanoma Mesenchymal stem cells Mesoporous silica particles 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