金缕曲

金缕曲

  搬运的旧文之二:

  今日看微博,居然还有人拿汪精卫的诗词才情给他翻案。其中举了汪的《金缕曲·别后平安否》,原词如下:

别后平安否?便相逢、凄凉万事,不堪回首。
国破家亡无穷恨,禁得此生消受。又添了离愁万斗。
眼底心头如昨日,诉心期夜夜常携手。
一腔血,为君剖。
泪痕料渍云笺透。倚寒衾循环细读,残灯如豆。
留此馀生成底事,空令故人僝僽。愧戴却头颅如旧。
跋涉关河知不易,愿孤魂缭护车前后。
肠已断,歌难又。

  说实在话,这首词还是写的挺好的,难怪陈壁君见词倾心。汪另一首著名的诗便是“慷慨歌燕市,从容做楚囚;引刀成一快,不负少年头。”据说当年作出“砍头不要紧,只要主义真;杀了夏明翰,还有后来人。”的革命烈士夏明翰死前是引用了这首诗的,可惜涉及到了大汉奸汪精卫,只能在教科书上删去此段。钱钟书先生读过汪精卫的诗词也不禁叹到:“扫叶吞花足胜情,鉅公难得此才清。”只可惜,汉奸就是汉奸,若是才华便能给人品洗地,那么秦桧的书法也不错,也该给秦桧翻翻案了。
  言归正传,汪的《金缕衣·别后平安否》借鉴了顾贞观的《金缕曲二首》:

季子平安否?便归来,平生万事,那堪回首。
行路悠悠谁慰藉,母老家贫子幼。记不起、从前杯酒。
魑魅搏人应见惯,总输他、覆雨翻云手。
冰与雪,周旋久。
泪痕莫滴牛衣透,数天涯,依然骨肉,几家能够?
比似红颜多命薄,更不如今还有。只绝塞、苦寒难受。
廿载包胥承一诺,盼乌头马角终相救。
置此札,君怀袖。

我亦飘零久。十年来,深恩负尽,死生师友。
宿昔齐名非忝窃,试看杜陵消瘦,曾不减、夜郎潺僽。
薄命长辞知己别,问人生、到此凄凉否?
千万恨,为君剖。
兄生辛未吾丁丑,共些时,冰霜摧折,早衰蒲柳。
词赋从今须少作,留取心魂相守。但愿得、河清人寿。
归日急翻行戍稿,把空名料理传身后。
言不尽,观顿首。

  顺治十四年,顾贞观的好友吴兆骞参加江南乡试中举,却不幸被牵涉入丁酉江南乡试科场案。顺治帝大怒遂于次年将该科已考中的江南举子押解至北京,由福临在中南海瀛台亲自复试,复试合格者保留举人资格,不合格者治罪。两名主考官被斩,17名同考官处绞。

  据载,吴兆骞少年得志,放诞不羁,简傲礼法,曾对江东名士汪琬曰:“江东无我,卿当独步”,当是时汪琬年长他七岁,文名早著,所以引得众人侧目。还有个故事是,他在私塾里念书时,常拿桌上同学们除下来的帽子来小便。同学们告诉先生,他竟有回答:“与其放在俗人头上,还不如拿来盛小便。”先生也不由叹息:“此子必以名大惹祸。”吴兆骞之狂可见一斑。
  所以有种说法是因为他太狂傲,故意在复试中交了白卷,因而下狱。于顺治十五年,流放宁古塔(位于今黑龙江省)。

  在吴兆骞出关之时,好友顾贞观曾发下誓言,要救他归来。(《无锡金匮县志-文苑》载:“兆骞戍宁古塔,贞观洒涕,要言曰:‘必归季子。‘ ”)然而他奔波近二十年,仍然徒劳无功。康熙十五年冬,离居北京千佛寺,于冰雪中感念良友的惨苦无告,为之作《金缕曲》二首寄之以代书信。纳兰性德读过这两首词,泪下数行,说:“河粱生别之诗,山阳死友之传,得此而三!”当即担保援救兆骞,并回赠一首《金缕曲·赠梁汾》。​

德也狂生耳!偶然间、淄尘京国,乌衣门第。
有酒惟浇赵州土,谁会成生此意?不信道、遂成知己。
青眼高歌俱未老,向尊前、拭尽英雄泪。
君不见,月如水。
共君此夜须沉醉。且由他、娥眉谣诼,古今同忌。
身世悠悠何足问,冷笑置之而已!寻思起、从头翻悔。
一日心期千劫在,后身缘恐结他生里。
然诺重,君须记!

  在纳兰父子的帮助下,吴兆骞终于在康熙二十年后归来。自此他已在塞外生活了二十三年。
  注1:我见过有说法,顾的两首《金缕曲》是对吴在塞外写的《戊午二月十一日寄顾舍人书》:“塞外苦寒,四时冰雪,鸣镝呼风,哀笳带雪,一身飘寄,双鬓渐星。妇复多病,一男两女,藜藿不充,回念老母,茕然在堂,迢递关河,归省无日……”的回信,但是该信写于康熙十七年,晚于金缕曲成作日,暂不采纳。
  注2:吴伟业在吴兆骞出关时作了一首《悲歌赠吴季子》,我也觉得写的挺好的:

白璧青蝇见排诋。一朝束缚去,上书难自理。
绝塞千里断行李,送吏泪不止,流人复何倚。
彼尚愁不归,我行定已矣。八月龙沙雪花起,
橐驼垂腰马没耳,白骨皑皑经战垒,
黑河无船渡者几,前忧猛虎后苍,
土穴偷生若蝼蚁,大鱼如山不见尾,
张耆为风沫为雨,日月倒行入海底,
白昼相逢半人鬼。噫嘻乎悲哉!
生男聪明慎莫喜,仓颉夜哭良有以,
受患只从读书始,君不见,吴季子!

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