虞美人

虞美人

  这个栏目好久没更了,随便码点字诈个尸吧~

北望神州路,试平章、这场公事,怎生分付?
记得太行山百万,曾入宗爷驾驭。
今把作握蛇骑虎。
君去京东豪杰喜,想投戈下拜真吾父。
谈笑里,定齐鲁。
两淮萧瑟惟狐兔。
问当年、祖生去后,有人来否?
多少新亭挥泪客,谁梦中原块土?
算事业须由人做。
应笑书生心胆怯,向车中、闭置如新妇。
空目送,塞鸿去。

刘克庄虞美人·送陈真州子华

  刘克庄,字潜夫,号后村居士,作为辛派词人“三刘”之一,词以豪放著称。他在诗词中也常常表达心怀天下、渴望建功立业的情怀。可惜面对朝廷腐朽、国势衰颓的大局,无数爱国之士报国无门,只能将情感寄托在诗词之上,所谓的“国家不幸诗家幸,赋到沧桑句便工”便是如此吧。

  说起《虞美人》,辛弃疾有一首《虞美人·同父见和再用韵答之》表达了对南宋政府偏安一隅的愤恨不平,刘克庄的这首词也表达了类似的情感。此时离靖康之耻已有百年,中原之地始终未能收复,他也不由感慨再也看不到祖逖这样的志士。

  “记得太行山百万,曾入宗爷驾驭。”这里是南北宋之际的名臣宗泽的典故,说的是他收服义军百万,众人都尊称他为宗爷爷。说起宗泽,也是一代奇人,他一直到六十岁之前都不得重用,遂“ 退居东阳,结庐山谷间 ”,打算就此了却一生。有的时候也不由感叹,每当国家危难之际,总有无数人挺身而出。靖康之变发生后,宗泽被推举为议和使,临行前他表示:“ 是行不生还矣。敌能悔过退师固善,否则安能屈节北庭以辱君命乎。”这样刚直不屈的精神把议和派震住了,怕他坏了议和大事,就让他去磁州当知府。

  宗泽带了十几个人就去赴任,发动群众修筑防御工事,招募士兵,后又被任命为河北义兵都总管,数次打退了金兵进攻。在此期间,他还劝退了赵构使金。试想一下如果赵构过去送死,说不定南宋会走向另一个结局也未可知,可惜历史没有如果。

  建炎元年,赵构即位,最初启用了主战派李纲。作为主战派,李纲主张动员各地抗金力量收复失地,所以推荐宗泽留守开封。这时候的开封已经经过了金兵劫掠,到处都是盗贼,宗泽一到凭借个人威望平息了动乱,并收服了各路义军,像颗钉子一样扎在了沦陷区一年之久。

  岳飞也得感谢宗泽,岳飞是在王彦手下从军时,由于与王彦不和便带队出走,违反了军纪。宗泽惜其才,让他将功补罪,还提拔为统制。多说两句,其实岳飞命中贵人也不少,比如刘韐,最开始岳飞从军就是投的他,不过汴京失守金人招降的时候,他表示“金人不以予为有罪,而以予为可用。夫贞女不事二夫,忠臣不事两君;况主忧臣辱,主辱臣死,以顺为正者,妾妇之道,此予所以必死也。”之后便自缢而死,他的儿子刘子羽也算是抗金名臣了。

  宋史记载,宗泽前后发了二十多奏折请赵构还京主持北伐,没有得到采纳,忧愤成疾,连呼三声“过河”而死。在他死后,继任的杜充没有能力约束各路义兵,中原也就彻底沦陷了。

  宗泽的的诗词流传较少,大多文采平平,个人比较喜欢这一首:

一对龙湖青眼开,乾坤倚剑独徘徊。
白云是处堪埋骨,京岘山头梦未回。

宗泽葬妻京岘山结庐龙目湖上

  话说回来,如果倘若赵构真的应了宗泽的要求还京,是不是就能挽天倾呢,怕是也未必。这种情况很容易和后世的土木堡之变相比较,于少保确实堪称大厦之将倾,挽狂澜于既倒,不过就局势糜烂程度南宋还是要更胜一筹。南宋所谓的中兴四将“张俊、韩世忠、刘光世、岳飞”,此时岳飞还未受重用,其他三将军队都有普遍的吃空饷行为,战力严重不足。就拿被认为是南宋续命一战的黄天荡之战来说,韩世忠收集了百余艘战舰,用八千宋军围困四千金军(宋史上说是十万,反正我不信)月余,还是让金军给跑了。刘光世、张俊更是屡战屡败。反观金军,携灭契丹之威,完颜兀术、完颜娄室等将都是战功累累,至少在早期宋军是无力与金军正面抗衡的,只能靠各地义军侵扰。

  另一方面,宗爷爷虽然堪称钉子户死死的守住了开封,不过在向外扩招收复失地的表现还不如陕地的李彦仙、曲端等人战绩好,我也不觉得赵构北上便能改变这个现状。令人痛心的是南宋自此之后便躲在杭州再无进取之意,寒了无数爱国志士之心。

  再用一首我喜欢的《虞美人》来收尾吧:

少年听雨歌楼上,红烛昏罗帐。壮年听雨客舟中,江阔云低、断雁叫西风。
而今听雨僧庐下,鬓已星星也。悲欢离合总无情,一任阶前、点滴到天明。

蒋捷虞美人·听雨

  PS:其实宋史里面扯淡或者相互矛盾的地方挺多的,据说元人修三史的时候一是时间仓促,二是不重视,主编一再更换,很多内容不经考证一股脑全抄上去了,所以看得也很头大。最典型的就是金史和宋史中关于岳飞的描述了,看宋史岳飞肯定神勇无敌,金史里面就一笔带过,作为同一人修的史,不应有这么多出入才对。

  PS2:赵构逃跑还是很牛逼的,完颜兀术一路追硬是没追到,把大宋命给续了。

  PS3:刘光世这人感觉不配和其他三人并列好吧,品行能力都差太远了。如果说张俊是做人不行害了岳飞有黑点,至少打仗还是说得过去的,刘光世就是干啥啥不行的典范了。

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