八月英语单词

　　俺不想开学啊啊啊。

August 1

Novel

n. （长篇）小说

adj. 新的；新颖的，新奇的

派生

novelist n. 小说家

novelty n. 新奇，新颖；新奇的食物

Fiction

n. 小说；虚构的事，想象的事

派生

fictional adj. 虚构的，编造的，小说（中）的

Romance

n. （通常指短暂的）罗曼史，爱情；浪漫情调，传奇色彩；爱情故事，传奇故事

派生

romantic adj. 浪漫的，多情的；充满浪漫（或传奇）色彩的；[Romantic]浪漫主义的

Original

adj. 起初的，最早的；新颖的，独特的；原作的，真迹的

n. （艺术作品或文件的）原作，原件

考点

its original purpose

派生

originally adv. 起初，最早

originality n. 独创性，创意；创造力；新颖

novelty creativity

originate v. 发源，起源；创立，创始

originate from/in = be derived from

拓展

People value final success, me original aspiration.

Innovative

adj. （思想或方法）新颖的，创新的，革新的

例句

Knowing that many refugees have access to cellphones, volunteers around the world began developing apps and other tools to help guide refugees on their journeys, adding to the innovative work under way at humanitarian organizations.

Precise

adj. 准确的，精确的；（人）严谨的，一丝不苟的；恰好的

派生

precision n. 精确（性），准确（性）

precisely adv. 精确的，准确地；恰好，正是

Exact

adj. 精确的，确切的；（人）严格的，严谨的

派生

exacting adj. 要求严格的

exactly adv. 精确地，确切地；恰好，正好

Accurate

adj. 精确的，准确的；确切的

例句

But the complexity of the ecosystem and lack of historical precedent means it is difficult to make accurate predictions about future changes, he adds.

complexion n. 肤色，脸色

派生

accuracy n. 精确（性），准确（性）

Promise

v. 承诺，保证，许诺；预示……可能发生

例句

What makes therapy so alluring, at least from the perspective of the uninitiated（外行）, is its promise of getting to witness the workings of another’s psyche, of slipping the cloak off from that fragile, complicated, dark tangle and poking at what lies beneath.

alluring = attractive/intriguing/compelling

poke at 翻找，拨动

派生

promising adj. 大有希望的，很有前途的

Guarantee

v. 保证；确保，使必然发生；（为别人的债务）担保；（为产品）保修

n. 保证，担保；保修单，质量保证书

Pledge

v. （公开或正式）保证，承诺；抵押

n. 保证，誓言；抵押物

例句

Prakash Javadekar, the minister for human resources, has pledged to increase accountability（责任） for outcomes in both public and private schools.

accountable a. 有责任的

Assure

v. 向……保证，使确信；确保，保证

派生

assurance n. 担保，保证；自信，镇定；保险

Ensure

v. 保证，确保（= make sure）

考点

to ensure equality

We must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.

Warrant

v. 使……显得必要，值得；保证，担保

n. 搜查令，拘捕令；许可（证）；正当理由，依据

例句

“It is not clear what the specific cause of intersex is in these fish,” said Luke lwanowicz, a USGS research biologist. “This study was designed to identify locations that may warrant further investigation.”

派生

warranty n. （产品的）保用证，保修单

Swear

v. 咒骂，诅咒；发誓保证（做某事），郑重承诺（自己说的是真话）

Vow

n. （尤指宗教的）誓言，诺言

v. 发誓，起誓（要做）

Oath

n. 誓言，誓约

take an oath over/on …

August 2

Represent

v. 代表（某人）；代表（国家或地区）参赛；（符号等）代表，表示；象征，体现；相当于，意味着；（尤指不真实地）描述，描写

例句

According to a report from the Pew Research Center, 14.6 million Americans were self-employed in 2014, representing about 10% of the national workforce.

派生

representation n. 代表，代理；描绘，表现

representative n. 代表；代理人；众议院议员 adj. 由代表组成的；有代表性的

Embody

v. 代表，体现（思想或品质）；包含，包括

考点

to embody a spirit of national unity

uni- 表示统一 unify v. 联合，统一 unification n. 统一

派生

embodiment n. （品质、思想等的）典型，化身

Symbolize

v. 象征，代表；用符号表示

symptom 症状

考点

to symbolize femininity

feminine a. 女性的

Reveal

v. 显示，表明，透露；揭露，揭示

veil n./v. 幕布；遮蔽 cloak

unveil 揭开

例句

A person’s tweets might reveal their sleeping patterns, whether they’re sick and what symptoms they have, and the ebb（衰落） and flow of their moods.

ups and downs

派生

revelation n. 揭露；被揭示的真相

Betray

v. 背叛，出卖；流露（想掩饰的情感）；暴露（不易发觉的东西）

派生

betrayal n. 背叛，出卖

betrayer n. 叛徒

traitor n. 卖国贼，背信弃义者

pat- / path- / pass- = 感情

patriot n. 爱国者 compatriot 同胞

Display

v./n. 展示，展览，陈列；显示，显露（某种情感、态度或特质）；（在屏幕上）显示

例句

It detects expressions in real time and then displays matching emojis in the corner of the glasses, as well as describing the emotion via the headphones.

sem- / sym- / sim- = same

symphony 交响乐

考点

to display great enthusiasm for liberal education

Exhibit

v. 表现，显示（品质、情感或能力）；展览，展出

n. 展品；展览会；（法庭上出示的）证物

派生

exhibition n. 展览品；展览会；（某种技能、感情或行为的）表现，显露

Reflect

v. 反射（光、声音等）；（镜子）照出；反映，表明；深思，仔细考虑（on/upon）

例句

What you see on outside may not reflect what’s on the inside.

考点

to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run

派生

reflection n. 映像，倒影；（光等的）反射；（某种情况的）反映；深思，（经过仔细考虑形成的）见解

Unfold

v. 打开，展开（卷着的东西）；透露，展现（思想、信息）；（系列事件）被呈现，被披露

考点

to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language

Disclose

v. （尤指在被隐瞒后）透露，揭露，泄露，公开

例句

The measures have adequate protections, including rules against disclosing personal information such as health data and citizenship status.

派生

disclosure n. 揭露；透露；公开

Expose

v. 使显露；揭露；是暴露于（险境），使受……的影响；使接触（或体验）；（尤指无意中）露出，显露（感情）

pose a threat to

例句

To resist and expose conspiracy thinking, we must be aware of how it depends not just on the distortion of truth, but also on a style of thought, and how it expresses repressed fantasies and genuine feelings of disempowerment.

考点

to be exposed to the virus

派生

exposure n. 暴露；揭发，揭露；接触，体验；报道，关注

exposition n. 详细阐述；展览会，博览会

Uncover

v. 发现，揭露（秘密）；揭开盖子

Leak

v. （使）渗漏（气体、液体）；（向报纸等）泄露，透露（秘密）

n. （煤气、水等）渗漏；裂缝，漏洞；透露，泄露

Sign

n. 符号，记号；示意；手势，示意动作；标记，标志；指示牌；迹象，征兆

v. 签名，签署；签约；打手势，示意

考点

the first signs of recovery

派生

signature n. 签名，署名；明显特征，鲜明特色

signify v. 表示，意味着，表明；要紧，有重要性

拓展

sign up for/to do

报名参加/做

sign sb. up

签约雇佣某人

Signal

n. 信号，暗号；标志，预示；示意；信号灯

v. 发信号，示意；（用语言或行动）表明；标志着，预示

adj. 重大的，显要的

例句

Some analysts say this year’s cooling could signal a more fundamental shift in Chinese moviegoing.

考点

to signal danger

Cue

n. 暗示，提示，示意；（行动的）信号

v. 给（某人）提示，暗示

= hint

考点

subtle cues

Clue

n. （帮助破案或解开谜团的）线索，提示

Gesture

n. 手势，示意动作；姿态

v. 打手势；用动作示意

Wave

v. 招手，挥手示意；挥舞；飘动，起伏

n. 海浪；（行为、活动或感情的）风潮，浪潮；（光、无线电等的）波；（人或物的）大量涌现

Motion

n. 动，动作；示意动作，手势；行动，动议

v. 打手势，示意

Symbol

n. 象征，标志；符号，记号，标记；（某一特性或思想的）代表

派生

symbolic adj. 象征的，象征性的

Mark

n. 污迹；记号，标记；水平，指标；（考试）分数；特点，特征

v. （使）留下印迹；做记号；给（作业）评分；标明（方位）；标志着，是……的迹象；赋予特征

例句

Nietzsche’s academic career was marked by a number of dazzlingly early successes.

考点

This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein.

Symptom

n. 症状；（问题存在的）征兆

考点

mild symptoms

Herald

v. 预示……的来临

n. 预兆

August 3

Standard

n. （品质的）标准，水平；行为标准，道德准则；技术规范，产品规格

adj. 普通的，正常的，标准的，规范的

派生

standardize v. 使标准化

Level

n. 标准，水平，水准，级别

adj. 平的，平坦的，水平的

v. 弄平；将……夷为平地

拓展

do one’s level best

竭尽全力

descend/sink to sb’s level

降低身份到和某人一样

Criterion

n. [复数形式criteria]（判断、决定的）标准，准则

考点

different sets of criteria

Norm

n. 常态，标准；规范，行为准则

例句

“If the social norms is to be on all the time, you don’t want to be the odd one out,” says Angela Leaney, a New Jersey-based marketing consultant, adding that some bosses will think less of employees for not answering email after works hours, even if they say they won’t.

派生

normal adj. 正常的，通常的，一般的

normalize v. （使）正常化，标准化，常规化

normalization n. 正常化，标准化，常规化

Status

n. 法律地位（或身份）；社会地位职位；受尊敬的地位

考点

the status quo 现状

Rank

n. 等级，级别；军衔，官阶；社会阶层；排，行，列

v. 具有……地位（或等级）；与……同样重要（或品质相当）（with/alongside）；给……排名，位列

派生

ranking n. 排行，排名 adj. 地位最高的，最高级

Class

n. 社会阶级；班级，课堂，课程；种类，等级；（风格、技巧等的）优雅，出众

v. 把……归类

考点

the history of class struggle 阶级斗争的历史

派生

classify v. 把……分类；把……定为机密

classic adj. 典型的；经典的，一流的 n. 经典著作

classical adj. 传统的，经典的；古典文化的

Unique

adj. 独一无二的，独特的；极好的；难得的

Distinctive

adj. （特征、性格或外表）独特的，特别的，与众不同的

例句

The more distinctive a product, and the higher the barriers to entry, the more its seller resembles the nasty monopolies of the textbooks: raising prices and gouging profits.

gouge n. 圆凿 v. 用半圆凿子挖

Peculiar

adj. 古怪的，异常的；（为……所）特有的（to）

考点

geographic conditions peculiar to America

派生

peculiarity n. 怪癖；特点，独特性

拓展

weird

adj. 奇异的；不寻常的；怪诞的

weirdness

Special

adj. 特别的；格外好的；专门的，特设的

n. 特产；特别节目；特价

派生

specialize v. 专门从事，专门研究，专攻

specialist n. 专家；专科医生

specialty n. 专业，专长；特产；专卖店

Attract

v. 吸引，使产生兴趣；引起，激起；引诱，诱惑

考点

to attract massive attention

To attract younger laborers to farm work

派生

attraction n. 喜爱；吸引力；有吸引力的事物

attractive adj. 有吸引力的；漂亮的；引人入胜的

Draw

v. 绘画；拉，拖；吸引（某人）；得到，获取；拿出，取出；提取（银行账户中的钱）；（使）打成平局

n. 平局，和局

例句

Reconnected friends can quickly recapture much of the trust they previously built, while offering each other a dash of novelty drawn from whatever they’ve been up to in the meantime.

考点

to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science

派生

drawing n. 素描（画）；图画

Charm

v. 迷住；吸引……的兴趣

n. 魅力，吸引力；魔法，咒语

派生

charming adj. 迷人的，富有魅力的

Fascinate

v. 使着迷，迷住

例句

The Enlightenment tried to sweep away supernatural or mystical explanations for genius but remained fascinated by its deeper mysteries.

superstition n. 迷信

派生

fascinating adj. 迷人的，极有吸引力的

fascination n. 着迷，迷恋；令人着迷的事物

Captivate

v. 使着迷，迷住，吸引

例句

He said he was so captivated that he finished the book in two hours and 40 minutes, the same time it took the Titanic to sink.

Invite

v. 邀请，（礼貌地）请求；（尤指无意地）招致（不好的事）；诱使，怂恿

incur incite

派生

invitation n. 邀请，请帖；吸引，引诱，招致

inviting adj. 吸引人的，诱人的

Tempt

v. 劝说，鼓动；引诱，吸引

考点

to tempt more students to pile into（挤入） law schools

compile v. 汇编 compilation n.

派生

tempting adj. 诱人的，吸引人的

temptation n. 引诱，诱惑；诱惑人的东西

Lure

v. 引诱，诱惑；吸引

n. 诱饵；诱惑力，吸引力

考点

to lure customers into spending as much time as possible

Seduce

v. 勾引；引诱，诱使，吸引

派生

seduction n. 勾引；[常用复数]（常对人产生不良影响的）诱惑，吸引力

seductive adj. 性感的；有吸引力的，有诱惑力的

August 4

Bear

v. （人）携带，拿；支撑，承受（重量）；忍受，忍耐；承担（责任）；怀有（某种情感，尤指不好的情感）；显示，带有（某种标记或外观特征）；经得起（检验、比较、重复等）

n. 熊

例句

Policymakers should bear this in mind when making decisions.

考点

to bear on the great challenges of the day 与当今的重大挑战有关

拓展

bear a resemblance/similarity to sb./sth.

与某人/某物相似

Stand

v. 站立，（使）直立；坐落于；经得住（考验），抵挡；忍受，容忍

n. 态度，立场；防御，抵抗；售货摊；观众台

例句

“If you’re in a bad mood and don’t want to go to work, that’s a problem,” she says. “You can’t live according to your feelings. You have to show up and stand the watch regardless of how you feel.”

stand (the) watch 忍受

考点

to stand to reap considerable gains

Suffer

v. 经受，遭受（痛苦、困难）；变差，变糟糕

考点

to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way

派生

suffering n. （肉体或精神上的）痛苦，折磨

Endure

v. 忍耐，忍受；生活下去，持续存在

派生

endurance n. 耐力，忍耐力

durability 耐用性

Abide

v. [用于否定]忍受，容忍；遵从（决定），遵守（法规），信守（协议等）（by）

abide by = comply with = conform to = subject to = yield to

考点

to abide by the strict nuclear regulations

Tolerate

v. 容忍，容许，宽容；忍受，忍耐

派生

tolerance n. 容忍，宽容；忍耐（力）；耐受性

tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的；能耐……的

tolerable adj. （状况）可接受的，过得去的

Withstand

v. 经受住，耐受（酷热、严寒、高压等）；抵挡，挡住（人们的攻击、批评或反对）

-sist = stand

例句

The ultimate test case is a band that has withstood more than a half-century of personnel changes and shape-shifting and is once again touring the world this fall and winter with yet another set of new members.

Harbor

n. 港口，港湾，避风港

v. 怀有，心存（不好的想法、恐惧或希望）；包含，藏有；窝藏，庇护

拓展

harbor doubts

产生怀疑

harbor a grudge

怀恨在心

Describe

v. 描述，描写，叙述，形容

例句

Saint Augustine described philosophy as a “harbor” for troubled souls in a fourth-century monograph on the happy life, and the sixth-century Roman senator Boethius titled the treatise he wrote while awaiting execution “The Consolation of Philosophy.”

派生

description n. 描述，描写，叙述，形容

descriptive adj. 描写的，描绘的

Depict

v. 描写，描述，描绘

派生

depiction n. 描绘，描写，描述

Portray

v. （在艺术或文学作品中）描绘，绘画；扮演（角色）

派生

portrayal n. 描绘，描写，描述；扮演，表现

portrait n. 肖像，画像；（对某事物的）描绘，描述，表现

Notwithstanding

prep./adv. 尽管，虽然

Despite

prep. 尽管，虽然

Nevertheless

adv. 然而，不过；尽管如此

Nonetheless

adv. 然而，但是；尽管如此

Explore

v. 探索，考察；探讨，探究；勘探

派生

exploration n. 探索，探险；勘探，勘查

exploit v. = explore/squeeze

exploitation

Probe

v. 调查，探究；（用细长的工具）寻找，探测，探查

n. 航天探测器；深入调查

例句

Today’s breakthrough repressents the first step to a large goal—creating a digital model of the entire human brain to probe consciousness itself.

Favor

n. 赞同，支持；偏袒，偏爱；恩惠，善意的行为

v. 较喜欢；偏袒，偏爱；赞同；有利于

考点

to favor communities with more public services

派生

favorite adj. 最喜欢的 n. 特别喜爱的东西；受宠的人；最有希望获胜的人

favorable adj. 赞同的；有利的；优惠的；讨人喜欢的，赢得赞许的

Prefer

v. 更喜欢；宁可，偏爱

派生

preferable adj. 更好的，更可取的，更合适的

preferential adj. 优先的，优惠的，优待的

preference n. 爱好，偏好；优惠，优待，优先权

General

adj. 大体的，大致的；总体的，普遍的；普通的；（用途、活动、主题等）广泛的，总和的

n. 将军

派生

generally adv. 总体上来说，大致；普遍地，广泛地；通常，大多数时候

generalize v. 概括，归纳；推广，普及

拓展

in general

通常，一般情况下；普遍地，总的说来

generally speaking

一般而言

Broad

adj. 宽阔的；广泛的，丰富的；大致的，概括的；开阔的

Rough

adj. （表面）粗糙的；崎岖的；粗略的，大致的；（时期）艰难的；粗野的，粗暴的

考点

the rough guide to marketing success 成功营销的粗略指南

派生

roughly adv. 粗略地，大致上；粗暴地，粗鲁地

Universal

adj. 全体的，共同的；普遍正确的；广泛适用的

例句

Like language, music is universal among humans and nonexistent—or at least unintelligible（无法了解的） to us—in even our closest nonhuman relatives.

Overall

adj. 总体的，全面的

adv. 全部，总计；大致上，总的来说

Blanket

n. 毯子，毛毯；[单数]覆盖物；蒙蔽真实情况的事物

v. 覆盖，笼罩；布满

adj. 全面的，总括的，综合的，适用于全体的

考点

security blanket

Comprehensive

adj. 综合的，全面的，包罗万象的

Extensive

adj. 广阔的；大量的；广泛的，全面的

August 5~12

外出公干，鸽几天。

August 13

Giant

adj. 巨大的，特大的

n. 巨人；（成功且有影响力的）巨头，大公司；大国；伟人，卓越人物

例句

The design involves excavating a huge retention basin for 7 million cubic meters of floodwater and transforming the Hiriya landfill, a giant trash heap that once contained 25 million tons of waste, into a verdant oasis.

考点

media/tech giant

Large

adj. 大的，大规模的，大量的

考点

in large part

派生

largely adv. 主要地；大多；在很大程度上

拓展词组

at large

普遍地，全体地；（危险人物或动物）在逃的，未被捕获的

Puma At Large

Vast

adj. 巨大的；广大的；广阔的

sea-view room 海景房 deluxe sea-view room 豪华海景房

考点

a vast storehouse of digital information

派生

vastly adv. 非常

拓展词组

the vast majority (of sth.)

绝大多数

gigantic

adj. 巨大的，庞大的

Enormous

adj. 极大的；巨大的；庞大的

Tremendous

adj. 巨大的，极大的；极好的

考点

a tremendous luxury

Immense

adj. 极大的；巨大的

派生

immensely adv. 非常；极度

immensity n. 广大；巨大

be immersed in 沉浸在

Monumental

adj. 丰碑式的，意义深远的，不朽的；极大（或好、坏等）的；纪念碑的，纪念性的

考点

monumental curving staircases

a monumental triumph/victory

curve diagram / line chart

Sizable

adj. [英式拼写sizeable]相当大的

考点

sizable gains in the form of gifts

Instance

n. 例子，实例；情况

考点

in this instance

for instance

Example

n. 例子，例证；典型，范例；榜样，楷模

考点

to follow the example of Ms. Simmons

派生

exemplify v. 是……的典范（或典型、榜样等）；举例说明

exemplary adj. 模范的；可做榜样的

Case

n. 事例，实例；实情，事实；情况；案例，案件；病例；诉讼案，官司；盒，箱；理由，论据

考点

court cases

be on the case

on the way / under way

in any case

拓展词组

(just) in case

以防万一

in case of sth.

如果；假使

On the assumption that … / Provided that …

Sample

n. （抽查的）样本，样品；（化验的）样本；实例，范例

v. 尝，品尝；（常指初次）体验，尝试；抽样调查，抽样检验

考点

the daily samples of information

to sample large areas of terrain

see the wide picture

Masterpiece

n. 杰作，代表作；极好的例子

Mass

n. 团，堆，块；大量，许多；（人）一大群；（物理学中的）质量；[masses]普通老百姓，大众；[the mass of]大多数

adj. 大量的，大批的，大规模的

例句

Typically, a new manufacturing company begins by making small numbers of high-value items for niche markets before tooling up to produce stuff in large volumes for mass consumption.

考点

masses of data

a mass of easily influenced people

body mass index(BMI)

派生

massive adj. 巨大的，厚实的；大幅度的；（疾病）非常严重的

Crowd

n. 人群，群众；（有共同爱好的）一帮朋友，一伙人，一群人

v. 聚集，拥挤；挤满，塞满

Herd

n. 兽群，畜群；芸芸众生，人群

v. （常指强迫性地）集中在一起；驱赶，放牧

a herd of

考点

to trigger the herding instinct

Troop

n. 军队，部队；一群，一队

Pack

v. 收拾（行李），打包；挤进，塞满

n. 一批，一套，一组；包，盒；背包；一群，一伙

backpack

派生

packed adj. 挤满的；充满……的；收拾好行李的

package n. 包裹；包，盒；一套东西，一套建议 v. 包装

packet n. 小包，小盒，小袋；小包裹

-le -let -et -lot -ot = 小

triple a./n. 三倍 triplets n. 三胞胎

Pile

n. 堆，叠，摞；一大堆，大量，许多

v. 堆放，摞起；（人群）拥，挤，蜂拥

考点

to pile into law schools

Majority

n. 大多数，大部分；（获胜的）票数，多数票

考点

the majority of authors

the overwhelming majority of patients

Bulk

n. （大）体积，（大）量；主体，大部分；大批（买卖）

例句

The company’s other main business, software management for phones, currently provides the bulk of its revenue, though analysts say it is appearing to plateau.

stagnant a. 停滞的

派生

bulky adj. 庞大的，笨重的；大块头的

August 14

Pace

n. （移动的）速度；步速；（发生的c）速度，节奏；（走或跑的）一步，步幅

v. 确定速度，调整节奏；（由于焦虑或不耐烦而）来回踱步

例句

As a consequence, the scientific vocabularies of many languages have failed to keep pace with new developments and discoveries.

考点

a faster pace of life

Rate

n. 率，比率；速度，进度；价格，费用

v. 评价，评估；评级；被认为，被评价为

考点

at any rate

to boost heart rate

pulse 脉搏 impulse 冲动

to rate applicants on scale of one to five

派生

rating n. 等级，级别；[+s]收视率，收听率，（电视、广播节目）排行榜

Step

n. （脚）步，迈步；一步（的距离）；步态，步伐；步骤，措施；阶段；台阶

v. 跨步，迈步；踩，踏

例句

To reveal the roots of your own perfectionistic standards, “it’s helpful to take a step back and look at your parents—are you modeling them or trying to be the opposite of a chaotic, disorganized parent?” says psychologist Alice Domar.

考点

stepping stone

to take steps to protect their digital privacy

to step into a new or more public role

Passion

n. 热情，激情；强烈的情感；酷爱，热爱

pass path pat 情

Do it with passion or not at all

派生

passionate adj. 热情的，狂热的；热爱的，酷爱的

Zeal

n. （尤指实现宗教或政治目标的）热情，热忱

考点

increased zeal for working out

派生

zealous adj. 热心的，热情的；狂热的

Enthusiasm

n. 热情，热心，热忱；热爱的事物，热衷的活动

例句

The vocal patterns parents everywhere tend to adopt during exchanges with infants and toddlers（学步儿童） are marked by a higher-pitched tone, simplified grammar, and engaged, exaggerated enthusiasm.

派生

enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的；热衷的

enthusiast n. 热衷于……的人，热心者，爱好者；强烈支持者

Affection

n. 喜欢，钟爱；[+s]爱慕，钟爱之情

show affection to = be fond/fancy of = favor

派生

affectionate adj. 充满深情的；示爱的

an affectionate hug/embrace

Fever

n. 发烧，发热；激动，狂热，极度兴奋

考点

national fever dream

派生

feverish adj. 发烧的，发热的；紧张忙乱的，十分焦虑的

Heat

n. 热，热量；高温；强烈的感情，（尤指）愤怒，激动；供暖系统，暖气

v. （使）变热，变暖

考点

to emit a great deal of heat

派生

heated adj. 激烈的，激动的；加热了的

heating n. 供暖系统，暖气设备

Perform

v. 做，执行，履行（尤指有难度或有用的事）；演出，表演；表现；工作，运转

例句

From his first day on the job he performed the repetitive tasks required of him with dexterity, working comfortably alongside longtime employees.

考点

to perform domestic duties

派生

performance n. 表演，演出；（工作或活动中的）表现，业绩；执行，履行；（汽车或机器等的）性能

performer n. 表演者，演员；表现得……的人

Execute

v. （依法）处决，处死；执行，实施；完成，表演（高难度动作）

派生

execution n. 处决；执行，实施；（高难度动作的）表演

executive n. 主管，经理；（政府的）行政部门；（机构的）领导层，执行委员会 adj. 行政的，管理的，有执行权的；高档的，豪华的

Enact

v. 实行，实施，（尤指）通过（法律）

考点

a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics

派生

enactment n. （法律的）制定，通过

Implement

v. 实施；贯彻；执行

n. 工具；器具；用具

例句

That strategy reflects the uncertainty of the ultimate legal outcome—and also means that many states could be well on the way to implementing Mr. Obama’s climate plan by the time(=when) the case reaches the Supreme Court.

Function

n. 功能；作用；职责

v. 正常工作，运转；起作用

考点

function as … 起……作用；具有……功能

派生

functional adj. 实用的；功能性的；运转正常的

Operate

v. （使）运转，工作；操作；经营，管理；运营，营业；动手术；采取军事行动；起作用

例句

And it is fundamental to good citizenship, too, in that(=because/since) we must also search for the covert ways that power operates, the influence of money behind the scenes, and the backroom alliances and wheeling and dealing（想方设法，不择手段） that keep the powerful in power and enrich the rich.

派生

operation n. 手术；（有目的的）活动，行动；企业，公司；经营，业务；运转，操作；作用；军事行动；运算

operational adj. 经营上的，运转上的；（系统）工作中的，运行中的

operator n. 电话接线员；操作员；经营者，公司

operative adj. 可使用的；手术的 n. 工人，（尤指）技工

August 15

Positive

adj. 积极乐观的；有益的；赞同的；确信的；证据确凿的；（医学检测）阳性的

例句

Taking positive action when you’re in the dumps could improve your outlook.

Optimistic

adj. 乐观的

pessimistic

考点

to adopt an optimistic view of the world

Certain

adj. 肯定的，确定的；肯定会发生的，必然的；某个，某位；有点，有些；一定的

考点

to a certain extent

派生

certainly adv. 肯定，确定；（用于肯定答复）当然，行

certainty n. 确信，确定，确定性；确定的事

Definite

adj. 肯定的，确定的；清楚的，明确的；有把握的

派生

definitely adv. 肯定，当然；明确地

Private

adj. 私人（用）的，私有的；私人的；不公开的，秘密的；（场所）清静的；喜欢独处的，内向的；私立的，私营的

例句

In corporations listed on stock exchanges, the hassles of answering to investors have proved an incentive for private companies not to go public.

考点

to reflect on their private life

the private sector

派生

privacy n. 隐私；独处，清静

privatize v. 使私有化

Individual

adj. 单独的，个别的；供一人用的；（风格、做事方式等）独特的

n. 个体；个人

考点

to safeguard individuals’ rights to education

派生

individualism n. 个人主义；个性

collectivism 集体主义

Personal

adj. 个人的；私人的，私生活的；亲自的；人身攻击的

考点

to prioritize personal fulfillment

派生

personally adv. 就个人而言；本人地，亲自地；个别地；私人地；人身攻击地

personality n. 个性，性格；名人，名流（尤指艺人或运动员）；魅力，气质；性格鲜明的人；特色，特征

Intimate

adj. 亲密的，密切的；个人的，隐私的；精通的；幽静舒适的，温馨的

n. 密友；至交；知己

派生

intimacy n. 亲密，密切；[intimacies]亲密的言行

Reputation

n. 名声，名誉，名望

考点

to let vague pronouncements cloud their reputations

Prestige

n. 声望，威信

adj. 令人敬仰的，受尊重的；名贵的，贵重的

考点

the prestige of the Nobels

派生

prestigious adj. 有威望的，颇具声望的

Fame

n. 名声，名气；声誉，名望

Hollywood walk of fame

考点

to secure Dickens’s fame

派生

famous adj. 著名的，有名的

Glory

n. （尤指对上帝的）赞颂；光荣，荣誉；给人荣耀的事；壮丽，辉煌，灿烂

考点

to restore the glory of former times

派生

glorious adj. 光荣的，荣耀的；壮丽的；（天气）晴朗的，阳光灿烂的；极其愉快的，极好的

Seek

v. 寻找；寻求，谋求；请求（帮助），征求（意见）；试图，设法

The cat is seeking attention.

考点

to seek long-term prosperity

to seek a job

to seek out opposing viewpoints

拓展词组

seek sb./sth. out

（）找出，查出，寻找

Search

v. 寻找，搜寻；（用计算机）搜索；搜查，搜身；探索

n. 寻找，查找；搜寻，搜查；（计算机的）搜索；探索，寻找

考点

a search for universal principles

Hunt

v. 狩猎，捕猎；搜寻，寻找；搜捕，追捕（罪犯或敌人）

n. 搜寻，寻找；打猎，捕猎

派生

hunting n. 狩猎，打猎；[构成复合词]找，寻找

hunter n. 猎人，捕猎者；[构成复合词]寻找……的人

Dig

v. 挖，掘；凿出，打（洞）；寻找，搜寻

n. （考古）发掘

拓展词组

dig into

探究，探寻

Rake

n. （长柄）耙子

v. 搜寻，搜索

考点

to rake in substantial profits

Pursue

v. 追求，从事，实行；追问，追查，追究；追捕，追击

例句

It lays the neural groundwork that helps us “pursue goals and ignore distractions.”

派生

pursuit n. 追求，寻找；追赶，追踪，追捕；消遣，娱乐

Quest

n. （长期的）寻求；探索，追求

v. 寻求；探索

考点

the quest for circulation and impact

Separate

adj. 不同的，各自的；不相关的；独立的，分开的

v. （使）分开，分离；（夫妻）分局；隔开；区分，使区别于

= split up / break up

sep seg sec = 分

segregation 隔离 aggregate n./a./v. 总共

考点

to separate fact from fiction

派生

separation n. 分开，分离；分居

separatist adj. 分裂主义的，独立主义的 n. 分裂主义者，独立主义者

Divide

v. （把……）分成（若干部分）；分隔，隔开；分享，分摊；把（时间、精力等）分别用于；除，除以；（使）产生分歧

n. （不同群体在信仰或生活方式上的）差异，分歧；分水岭

考点

to divide undergraduates into two groups

派生

division n. 分开，分割；分歧，分裂；除（法）；（机构的）部门

divisive adj. 引起分歧的；造成分裂的

Split

v. （使）裂开，断裂；（组织内部）产生分歧，分裂；把……分成（几部分）；分摊，分配；分手，离婚

n. 裂口，裂缝；分歧，分裂；（尤指钱的）分配

例句

They split earnings growth into the portion caused by pay rises, and the portion caused by people joining or leaving the workforce.

考点

be evenly（均衡地） split for reading and business

Divorce

n. 离婚；分离，分隔

v. （与……）离婚；使分离

考点

the current divorce rate

Detach

v. 拆卸，使分开；使摆脱

派生

detachment n. 超然，冷漠；冷静，客观

detached adj. 超然的，不带感情的；冷静的，客观的；（房子）独幢的

Isolate

v. （使）孤立，隔离，分离；分隔，区别看待（观点、问题等）

例句

Child development is relational, which is why, in one experiment, nine-month-old babies who received a few hours of Mandarin instruction from a live human could isolate specific phonetic elements in the language while another group of babies who received the exact same instruction via video could not.

派生

isolation n. 隔离，分离，孤独；孤立

isolated adj. （建筑物、村庄等）孤零零的，偏僻的；（人）孤单的，孤独的；（行动、事件、例子等）单独的，个别的

August 16

Acknowledge

v. 承认；认可……属实（或存在）；公认，认可；（公开）感谢

It is universally acknowledged/admitted that …

例句

Yogman acknowledged that many digital games and screen-based activities can nurture some of the same areas that kids get through free play: problem-solving, spatial skills and persistence.

派生

acknowledgment n. [英式拼写acknowledgement]承认；认可……的属实或存在；（公开的）感谢；[+s]（作者在卷首或卷末的）致谢，鸣谢

Admit

v. （常指不情愿地）承认，供认；允许……进入；准许……加入，招收

考点

be admitted to a university

派生

admission n. 准许进入，准许加入；入场费；（尤指不情愿的）承认，供认

admittance n. 准许进入；进入权

Article

n. （报刊的）文章，论文；物品，物件（尤指整套中的一件）；（协议等的）条款

考点

to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article

turn/transform/shift/switch sth. into …

one article of clothing

Essay

n. （学生为某门课程所写的）短文，论说文；（关于政治、社会等的）小品文，散文

派生

essayist n. 论说文（或小品文、散文）作家

Discourse

n. 对话，交流；演讲；论文，文章；（在特定类型的讲话或论著中使用的）话语，语篇

Prose

n. 散文

Ban

v. （尤指官方）禁止，取缔

n. （尤指官方的）禁止，取缔；禁令

考点

to ban TV advertisements for foods high in fat

Prohibit

v. 禁止；阻止，使不可能

例句

And Title IX prohibits schools that get such funding from discriminating on the basis of sex.

考点

to prohibit intentional racial discrimination

派生

prohibition n. 禁令；禁止

prohibitive adj. 禁止性的；（价格）高得负担不起的

Bar

n. 酒吧；铁栅栏；条状物；障碍，阻碍；[the bar]大律师；[the bar]律师界，司法界

v. （用木条等）闩（门）；阻挡，阻挠；防止，禁止

考点

the American Bar Association

Boycott

v. 拒绝购买（或参加）；抵制

考点

to persuade customers into boycotting products

Wear

v. 穿（衣服），佩戴（首饰）；蓄（须），留（发）；流露，面带（某种表情）；展示，展现；（使）磨损，磨坏；耐用

n. （特定时候或场合穿的）服装；磨损；耐用性

考点

wear off

= elapse

lapse lypse = 没落 eclipse collapse

to wear their learning lightly

Waste

v. 滥用，浪费；消耗，损耗

n. （金钱或技能等的）浪费；废品，废物，废料；荒地

考点

waste ground

派生

wasteful adj. 浪费的（尤指金钱、时间或努力）

Blame

v. 责怪，指责，把……归咎于

n. （对错误或坏事应负的）责任

考点

to blame themselves for their troubles

to blame it on the manufacturing recession

Accuse

v. 指控，控告；指责，谴责

curse 诅咒 resource curse

例句

Kelley himself escaped from a mental health facility in New Mexico in 2012, after being accused of domestic violence.

accuse sb. of = charge sb. with

dominate 统治，主宰 domesticate v. 驯养

派生

accusation n. 指控，控告；指责，谴责

Denounce

v. （尤指公开）谴责，指责，斥责；告发，检举（某人从事非法政治活动）

派生

denunciation n. 公开谴责，指责，斥责；告发，检举

Criticize

v. 批评，指责，批判；评论，评判（书、影片等）

考点

to criticize and question the mechanism

Condemn

v. （通常指出于道义而）谴责，指责；宣判，判处

派生

condemnation n. 谴责，指责

Liability

n. （尤指法律上对还款、赔偿等的）责任，义务；麻烦的人（或事），累赘；[liabilities]负债，债务

accountability 责任

accountable 负责任的

考点

unfunded liabilities

August 17

Category

n. 种类，类别，范畴

考点

a specific funding category for social-science research

Genre

n. （尤指艺术的）风格，类型，体裁

Type

n. 类型，种类；某种类型的人

v. （用计算机或打字机）打字

拓展

be sb.’s type

是某人喜欢的类型

派生

typist n. 打字员

typical adj. 典型的，有代表性的；一贯的，平常的；特有的

Sort

n. 种类，类型；某一种人

v. 把……分类，整理

考点

sort sth. out

Species

n. （动植物的）物种，种

考点

“Red List” of threatened species

Colleague

n. 同事，同僚

拓展

associate

n. 同事；（生意）伙伴

Partner

n. 配偶；搭档，伙伴；（公司的）合伙人

考点

senior partners

派生

partnership n. （生意中的）合伙（关系）；合伙企业（或公司）；合作关系，伙伴关系

Comrade

n. （尤指共患难的）朋友，同志；（通常指）战友

-ade = go

wade v. 趟水

Complex

adj. 复杂的，难以理解的；（句子）复合的

n. 综合大楼，建筑群；（某物的）复合体，集合体；情结

考点

the complex social structure of the scientific community

apartment complexes

派生

complexity n. 复杂性，错综复杂；[complexities]错综复杂的事物

Complicated

adj. 复杂的；难懂的

考点

complicated family lives

Intricate

adj. 错综复杂的

考点

an intricate and finely detailed web

派生

intricacy n. 错综复杂；[intricacies]错综复杂的细节

Sophisticated

adj. 见多识广的，老练的；（机器、系统等）复杂的，精密的，尖端的；有鉴赏力的

sophomore n. 大学二年级生

考点

AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans.

Conflict

n. （意见等的）冲突，矛盾，争论；战斗，战争；矛盾心理

v. 冲突，抵触，相矛盾；斗争，冲突

例句

This level is in conflict with most health guidelines, which espouse health benefits associated with consuming up to two drinks per day.

espouse … with … 支持，赞成

考点

to conflict with the federal statute

名人名言

Never in the history of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.

Controversy

n. （涉及很多人且历时很久的）争论，辩论；争议

考点

the controversy over their authorization

派生

controversial adj. 有争议的；引起争议的

Paradox

n. 自相矛盾的情况；似非而是的说法，悖论

派生

paradoxical adj. 自相矛盾的；似非而是的

plausible a. 似是而非的

Battle

n. （尤指大型战争中的）战斗，战役；较量，斗争；争论

v. 作战，战斗；斗争

考点

to face drawn-out battles

Warfare

n. 战争，作战；（群体、公司等之间的）斗争，冲突

Combat

n. （尤指战争中的）战斗，搏斗；斗争，格斗

v. 与……战斗（或做斗争）；打击，抑制

例句

Scientist have unlocked a method for rapidly producing a mineral capable of storing carbon dioxide, a discovery they say could be a major step forward in combating climate change.

考点

to combat the plastics crisis

to combat constant interruptions

Collide

v. （尤指移动的物体）相撞，碰撞；冲突，抵触

派生

collision n. 碰撞（或相撞）事故；冲突，抵触

拓展

Ice Age: Collision Course

《冰川时代5：星际碰撞》

Disagree

v. 不同意，反对，有分歧了；不一致，不相符

考点

to disagree on the steps towards disintegration

派生

disagreement n. 意见不合，分歧，争论；不相符，不一致

Differ

v. 不同，有区别；意见不一致，有分歧

考点

to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room

拓展

I beg to differ/disagree

（礼貌的说法）恐怕我难以苟同

vary

v. （大小、形状等）相异，不同，有别

differ/vary widely

大不相同

August 18

Consume

v. 消耗，消费；吃，喝

例句

This garbage can harm marine animals, which consume it, or can enter the worldwide food chain, a danger for humans.

考点

to consume as much as 5% less fuel

派生

consumer n. 消费者；顾客；用户

consumption n. 消耗量，消费量；吃，喝；购买，消费

Expend

v. 花费，耗费（时间、精力或钱）

考点

to expend less energy

派生

expenditure n. （政府或个人的）全部开支，花费；（时间、金钱、精力等的）耗费，花费

拓展

capital expenditure/investment

基本建设投资，基本建设费用；资本投入

Exhaust

v. 使精疲力竭；用完，耗尽；相近地讨论

n. （引擎排出的）废气；（尤指汽车的）尾气

elaborate a. 详尽的 v. 详细描述

例句

Perhaps most important is for travellers to understand how their behaviour can exhaust the allure of a destination faster than it can be replenished—and alter their conduct permanently.

派生

exhausted adj. 极其疲惫的，精疲力竭的；耗尽的，枯竭的

exhaustion n. 精疲力竭，疲惫不堪；用光，耗尽

exhaustive adj. 彻底的；详尽的；全面的

Drain

v. 排出，（使）流光；（使液体）流走；喝光，喝完；使精疲力竭；耗尽（金钱、精力等）

n. 排水管，下水道；消耗，耗费

sewage（下水道） oil

考点

brain drain

派生

drainage n. 排水系统

Swallow

v. 吞下，咽下（食物或饮料）；（由于紧张等）做吞咽动作，咽口水；轻信，全盘接受；吞掉，吞没

考点

to swallow California’s argument whole

拓展

I am in love with you,

and I know that love is just a shout into the void,

and that oblivion is inevitable,

and that we’re all doomed,

and that there will come a day when all our labor has been returned to dust,

and I know that the sun will swallow the only earth we’ll ever have,

and I am in love with you.

District

n. 地区，区域；（有正式边界的）区，行政区

考点

fire-prone districts

be prone to 易于……

拓展

business district

商业区

school district

学区

Region

n. （通常无明确界线的）地区，区域；行政区；（身体）部位

考点

the most monarch-infested region in the world

派生

regional adj. 地区的，区域的

Sector

n. （尤指一国经济的）部门，行业，领域；（尤指军事管制的）区域，地带

考点

the public sector

the housing sector

Area

n. （国家、市镇等的）地区，区域；（房间、建筑物等作特定用途的）地方，场地；领域，范围，方面；面积

考点

to ruin urban conservation areas

拓展

area code

区号

rest area/stop

（路边）服务站，临时停车处

penalty area

（足球场上的）罚球区，禁区

Quarter

n. 四分之一；季度；一刻钟；（分四节进行的体育比赛的）一节，一局；（城镇的）区，地区

考点

the first quarter of the twentieth century

派生

quarterly adj./adv. 一年四次的（地）；每季度的（地） n. 季刊

Zone

n. （尤指有不同特征或用途的）地带，地区；（地球的）气候带

考点

the euro zone’s economies

zone out（开小差）

Doubt

n. 怀疑，疑惑，疑问

v. 怀疑，不相信（指觉得某事可能不是真的）

例句

What few people doubt is that these ships are going to fly and that astronauts aboard U.S. spacecraft will once again lift off from lauchpads on American soil.

考点

without doubt

no doubt

派生

doubtless adv. 无疑地，肯定地

doubtful adj. 未必的，不太可能的；有疑问的，怀疑的

Suspect

v. 猜想，怀疑，觉得（某事可能真实，尤指坏事）；怀疑……有罪；不信任，怀疑

adj. 可疑的，不可信的；不可靠的

n. 嫌疑犯；可疑分子

考点

to check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized

派生

suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑；感觉，看法

suspicious adj. 怀疑的，猜疑的；可疑的

be suspicious of / be doubtful of / be skeptical of

Equal

adj. （数量、大小）相同的，相等的；（地位、待遇）平等的，同等的；（能力、勇气）能胜任的，能应付的，相当的

n. 同等的人或物

v. 等于；比得上，达到

考点

be equal in treatment by government

派生

equally adv. 平等地，相同地；均等地，平均地；同样地

equality n. （社会地位、待遇上的）平等；均等

拓展

have no equal/be without equal

无与伦比；无敌

unparalleled / invincible

Identical

adj. 完全相同的；非常相似的

Equivalent

adj. 等同的；等值的；相当的

n. 等同物；等价物；对应物

考点

the high-tech equivalent of a physical key

Uniform

n. 制服

adj. 全部相同的；一律的；统一的

考点

to pick a standard work uniform

派生

uniformity n. 统一（性）；一致（性）

Similar

adj. 相似的，类似的

考点

genetically similar friends

派生

similarity n. 相似，类似

Alike

adj. 十分相似的，相像的

adv. 相似地，相像地；同样都（用于强调刚提及的两者）

考点

be a blessing to firms and patients alike

拓展

great minds think alike

英雄所见略同

Even

adv. 甚至， 即使；（用于强调比较）甚至更，还；甚至可以说

adj. 平坦的；相等的，均等的；平稳的；偶数的；势均力敌的；机会相等的

v. 使相等；使平均

派生

evenly adv. 均匀地；平均地，均等地；平稳地；势均力敌地

拓展

even if/though

即使，虽然

Fair

adj. 合理的，恰当的；公正的，公平的；（数量、大小）相当大的；相当好的，不错的；（皮肤）白皙的；（头发）金色的；不好不好的，一般的；晴朗的

n. 集市，市场；（商品）展销会，交易会

例句

It is a fair bet that the use of animal skins for shelter and clothing goes back hundreds of thousands of years at least.

派生

fairly adv. 相当；合理地，公平地

拓展

My Fair Lady

《窈窕淑女》

Rival

n. 竞争者；对手

v. 能与……媲美；比得上

例句

It still has some way to go before it can rival a human, but Bertasius hopes a version of the system might be useful in healthcare, perhaps helping doctors diagnose unusual behaviour patterns in children.

派生

rivalry n. （尤指长期的）竞争，竞赛，较量

August 19

Ignore

v. 忽视，不顾，不理

例句

They argued that a narrow focus on wind, water and solar would make tackling climate change more difficult and expensive than it needed to be, not least because it ignored existing zero-carbon technologies such as nuclear power and bioenergy.

派生

ignorant adj. 无知的，愚昧的

ignorance n. 无知，愚昧

Neglect

v. 疏于照管，疏忽；忽视，忽略

n. 疏忽，忽视；疏于照管

例句

That is unlikely, even in Britain, where less than 2% of the population lives in purpose-built blocks of at least six floors, and where poor planning and neglect have given high-rise living a bad reputation.

考点

to neglect the happiness from child rearing

at the rear of 在…的后面

派生

neglectful adj. 疏忽的，不重视的

Overlook

v. 眺望，（尤指）；忽视，忽略；宽恕，不计较

例句

But stubborn pockets among the poorest were overlooked, and rather than tackle that poverty, politicians and the media scapegoated（使成为替罪羊） immigrants, calling for greater medical surveillance at ports of entry.

考点

to overlook a nation’s diversity of gifts

Disregard

v. 忽视，无视，不顾

n. 忽视，无视

考点

to show his disregard for the character of rural areas

Maintain

v. 维持，保持；断言，坚称；维护，保养（机器、建筑物等）；供养，赡养

例句

The vocal opponent of intellectual property law maintains they actually harm invention, and he’s acted on that belief: In 2014, Tesla promised not to sue people for using its electric car patents.

考点

to maintain colleges’ graduation rates

to maintain its legitimacy

派生

maintenance n. 维护，养护，保养；赡养费，生活费；维持，保持

Retain

v. 保留，保持；保存，储存；记住；留用（员工）

例句

Even though the volunteers used diverse words, sentences and recollections to articulate their accounts of what happened in the episode, remarkably, they mostly seemed to have cut and retained the same parts of brain activity.

考点

to retain people’s interest in liberal education

派生

retention n. 保留，保持

Sustain

v. 保持，维持，使持续；维持……的生命；经历，遭受；支撑，承受；证明，证实

例句

Francisco Ferreira, senior adviser in the World Bank’s development research group, says the “paramount challenge” is ensuring that Africa, the continent with the world’s highest poverty rate and the largest absolute number of poor, sustains growth in as many countries as possible.

派生

sustainable adj. 可持续的；不破坏环境的

Preserve

v. 维护，保护（使免受破坏）；保持，维持；保存，保养；贮存，保鲜

n. （尤指野生动物）保护区

考点

to have preserved the monarchy’s reputation

派生

preservation n. 维护，保护；保持，维持；保藏，保养

preservative n. 防腐剂；保护剂

Conserve

v. 保护，保存，保藏；节约（水、能源等）

派生

conservation n. （对动植物、环境等的）保护；（对自然资源等的）保护，节约

conservative adj. [Conservative]（英国）保守党的；保守的，守旧的；（猜测）保守的

Modest

adj. 适度的；不太大的，不很贵的；谦虚的，谦逊的；（女子的衣着、举止等）端庄的，正派的

考点

to earn him a modest reputation

派生

modesty n. 谦虚，谦逊

adorable a. 可爱的，可敬重的

gorgeous a. 华丽的，灿烂的

Moderate

adj. （尤指政见）温和的，不激进的；中等的；不过分的，适度的

v. （使）缓和；减轻，减弱；节制

例句

The administration has smarted from（对……不越快） claims by advocates for low-income housing that too many apartments are being given to moderate-income New Yorkers, rather than to the truly poor, who still make up a sizable portion of the population.

考点

to moderate the effects of psychological stress

派生

moderation n. 节制，克制

moderator n. 仲裁人，调解人；（正式讨论的）主持人

拓展

moderation in all things

凡事适可而止

Humble

adj. 谦虚的，谦逊的；（阶层或地位）卑微的，低下的；不起眼的

v. 使谦逊；使感到卑微

Decent

adj. 像样的，相当不错的；得体的，体面的；正派的

考点

at a decent pace

派生

decency n. 正派，规矩，礼貌

August 20-29

继续公干，鸽

August 30

Previous

adj. 以前的，先前的

考点

the previous decisions

in previous eras of drastic technological change

Former

adj. 以前的，从前的；（地位、职位）昔日的，前任的；[the former]（两者中）前者的

n. [the former]前者，前一个

考点

the former governor’s decisions

latter a. 后者的

Preceding

adj. 在前的，在先的，前面的

precede sb. in doing

precedent n. 先例 a. 在前的

precedence n. 优先

Prior

adj. 先前的，事先的；预先的；更重要的，优先的

考点

to overturn the prior decision

拓展

prior to

在……之前，先于

派生

prioritize v. 优先考虑（处理）；确定……的优先顺序

priority n. 优先处理的事，当务之急；优先，优先权

Replace

v. 代替，取代，接替；更换，更新，赔偿

例句

Well-paid baby boom workers are retiring and being replaced by lower-paid millennials; this drags down average wages.

考点

to replace labor with machines

派生

replacement n. 更换，替换；替换的人（或物）

Displace

v. 取代，替代；迫使……离开家园

考点

be displaced by mechanized looms

派生

displacement n. 取代，替代；被迫离开家园

拓展

displaced person

背井离乡者

Substitute

v. 用……代替；取代

n. 替代品；代替者，（尤指）替补队员

例句

The challenge comes not, as might be assumed, from a substitute made of synthetic polymer, but rather from something which is, in most respects, the same as natural leather.

考点

be no substitute for live performance

派生

substitution n. （人或物的）代替，替换；替代品，替代的人

Serious

adj. （情况、问题、事故等）严重的；重要的；严肃的，认真的

考点

be serious about doing sth.

to raise serious questions about …

Severe

adj. （问题、伤势、疾病等）很严重的；（天气）恶劣的；（惩罚）严厉的；极其严厉的，苛刻的；严峻的，艰难的

persevere v. 坚持，坚韧

例句

In western Massachusetts, despite their improved internet access, Superintendent Buoniconti’s schools are under severe financial strain.

考点

severe punishment

派生

severely adv. 严重地；严厉地

severity n. 严重；严厉

Grave

n. 墓穴，坟墓

adj. 严重的，重大的，严峻的；严肃的，凝重的

拓展

tomb

n. 坟墓（尤指地面以上的部分）

cemetery

n. （尤指不靠近教堂的）墓地，公墓

Solemn

adj. 庄严的，严肃的；（诺言等）郑重的

拓展

solemn promise/commitment/undertaking

郑重承诺

Simple

adj. 简单的，容易的；简朴的；纯粹的，完全的

派生

simply adv. 仅仅，只是；确实，简直；简单地；简朴地

simplicity n. 简单，简易；朴素；天真，纯朴

simplify v. 简化，使简易

upshifting/downshifting 加速/减速

Sheer

adj. （用于强调）纯粹的，完全的；陡峭的，近乎垂直的

考点

the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways

拓展

sheer nonsense

一派胡言

by sheer chance

纯属偶然

Appeal

v. 呼吁；恳请，恳求；上诉，申诉；对……有吸引力

n. （尤指向公众的）呼吁，恳求；上诉，申诉；感染力，吸引力

例句

While some planning is a good idea when it comes to vacation pictures, don’t script all of your images—shooting anything that appeals to your while you’re exploring, whether it’s a pretty flower or local residents conversing at a sidewalk cafe, can also lead to album-worthy photography.

conversely v. 相反地

考点

Court of Appeal [= Appeal Court]

拓展

sex appeal

性感

派生

appealing adj. 有吸引力的，有趣的；恳求的

Petition

n. 请愿书；（向法院递交的）上诉书，诉状

v. （向法院）递交上诉书，上诉；（向政府或组织）请愿，请求

例句

They will also petition to delay implementation of the rule until the case is argued in federal court.

Beg

v. 乞求，恳求，哀求；乞讨

拓展

I beg your pardon

请原谅，对不起；（未听清时）请再说一遍

Plea

n. 恳求，恳请；（法庭上所做的）有罪（或无罪）陈述

派生

plead v. 乞求，恳求；（在法庭上）承认（或否认）有罪，认（罪）

convict v. 证明……有罪

Automatic

adj. 自动的；无意识的，不假思索的；（根据规定或法律）必然发生的

n. 自动挡汽车

考点

an automatic psychological process

派生

automatically adv. 自动地；不由自主地；必然地

automation n. 自动化

spontaneously adv. 自发地

Involuntary

adj. 非自愿的；不由自主地，无意识的

考点

involuntary part-time employment

Spontaneous

adj. （行为）自然的，自发的

Unconscious

adj. （感觉或想法）无意识的；未觉察的；不省人事的，失去知觉的

subconscious adj. （下）潜意识的

例句

Next, whenever a volunteer’s unconscious patterns of activity in their visual cortex matched those generated by seeing a scary picture, they were given a cash reward.

拓展

the unconscious

潜意识

Mechanical

adj. 机械的；机械驱动的；（动作、回答等）机械的，不加思考的；机械学的

考点

mechanical memorization 死记硬背

August 31

Context

n. （事件发生的）背景，环境；上下文，语境

考点

to escape the context of our unique life experience

to infer a context for the text

派生

contextual adj. 上下文的，与语境有关的

Circumstance

n. 环境，情况；[+s]境况，（尤指）经济状况；命运，客观环境

考点

to create our inner character and outer circumstances

Background

n. 出身，个人背景；（事情的）背景情况；（画、照片的）背景

考点

of similar ethnic backgrounds

Environment

n. 自然环境；生活环境，周围状况

考点

a turbulent business environment

派生

environmental adj. 自然环境的；有关环境的

environmentalist n. 环境保护主义者

Surroundings

n. [复]周围环境；生活环境

Cure

v. 治愈，治好；解决；矫正，改正（某人的不良行为）

n. 药物，疗法；对策，措施；治疗，治愈

例句

The technique used to create Dolly was instrumental（有作用的，重要的） in the development of the stem cell treatments that are now in clinical trials, as well as an amazing therapy that promises to cure a class of cruel genetic conditions called mitochondrial diseases.

考点

to cure all the ills of humanity

派生

curable adj. （疾病）可治愈的；可医好的

Heal

v. （使）（伤口或断骨）长好，愈合；医治，治愈；（在精神或感情上）（使）复原，坚强起来；消除（分歧）

考点

to heal a cut

Restore

v. 使恢复（之前的情况或条件）；使恢复健康；修复（旧建筑、旧画等）；归还；使复原，使复职；重新采用（法律、税收等）

例句

The damage from recent high-profile disasters has been widespread: Northern California is still counting the cost of wildfires in wine country there; Puerto Rico is struggling to restore electricity and running water; Houston is still cleaning up from hurricane Harvey.

考点

to restore prairie chicken habitat

派生

restoration n. 修复，整修；（法律、税收等的）重新采用，恢复；<正式>归还

Recover

v. 恢复健康，康复；复原，恢复常态；失而复得；恢复（能力、知觉等）

例句

But this explanation does not imply that the labour market has fully recovered.

派生

recovery n. 康复，痊愈；恢复，复苏；（被拿走或失去的东西）复得，找回

Remedy

n. （问题的）解决办法，补救办法；（治疗小病或疼痛的）药品，疗法

v. 补救；纠正；改善

派生

remedial adj. 补救的，纠正的；治疗的；（为帮助后进学生）补习的，辅导的

名人名言

Don’t find fault, find a remedy.

Medicine

n. 医术，医学；药，药物（尤指口服的药水）

考点

personalised medicine

派生

medicinal adj. 药用的；有疗效的

Drug

n. 药，药物；毒品，兴奋剂

v. 用药麻醉，使服用兴奋剂；在（食物或饮料）中下麻醉药

考点

to predict a drug’s efficacy

Herb

n. （用作调味品或药材的）香草，药草

派生

herbal adj. 香草的，药草的

Therapy

n. 疗法，治疗；心理治疗

派生

therapist n. 治疗师

Device

n. 设备，仪器，装置；（以期达到某种特定效果的）方法，手段；计谋，（尤指）花招，诡计；（文学作品中的）手法，修辞手法

考点

electronic devices

Machine

n. 机器，机械装置；计算机，电脑；（组织的）核心机构

考点

to coax（哄） the machine into producing what they want

派生

machinery n. （大型的）机器，机械；机构，体系

Mechanism

n. 机械装置，机件；结构，体制；工作方式，运行机制；（生物用来自我保护等的）机制，行为方式

考点

a self-driven mechanism

to adopt a new rate-increase mechanism

Instrument

n. （科学、医学等工作用的小巧的）器械，器具；乐器；仪器，仪表；方法，手段

派生

instrumental adj. 起重要作用的；用乐器演奏的

instrumentalist n. （尤指专业的）乐器演奏者

be instrumental in … 在…方面起重要作用（= be important to）

Family bond is instrumental in every stage of our life.

An appropriate approach to education is instrumental in helping children grow.

Equipment

n. 设备，器材，用具；配备，装备

考点

photographic equipment

Gear

n. 齿轮，传动装置；排档，档位；（某种活动的）设备，用具，衣服

v. 使适应；使适合

考点

to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in